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During the construction process, I found that everyone's understanding of putty is not enough. So I will organize an article about science popularization to solve the problem today!
1. How is the putty on the market classified?
(1) According to the state: cream putty, powdered putty, glue with filler or cement.
(2) According to water resistance: water-resistant putty, non-water-resistant putty (such as 821 putty).
(3) According to the use occasion: interior wall putty, exterior wall putty.
(4) According to the function: water-resistant putty, elastic putty, high-elastic waterproof putty.
2. What are the components of putty?
(1) 821 putty is mainly made of white powder, a little starch gel and CMC (hydroxymethyl cellulose). Such putty has no adhesion and is not resistant to water.
(2) Water-resistant putty paste is mainly composed of high-molecular organic matter, ash-calcium powder, ultra-fine filler and water-retaining agent. Such putty has good whiteness, high bonding strength, water resistance, and is a rigid and alkaline product.
(3) Water-resistant putty powder is mainly composed of calcium carbonate, ash calcium powder, cement, organic rubber powder, water retaining agent, etc. These products have high bond strength and water resistance and are rigid and alkaline products.
(4) Emulsion type putty is mainly composed of polymer emulsion, ultra-fine filler and water retaining agent. These putty have excellent water resistance and flexibility and can be used on various substrates, but the price is high and neutral. product.
3, 821 What are the disadvantages of putty?
(1) Poor adhesion and low bond strength. In order to overcome this defect, individual home improvement companies apply the interface agent on the substrate. Increase costs and increase working hours.
(2) There is no resilience.
(3) Powdering will occur soon after exposure to moisture.
(4) Cracking, peeling, falling off, etc. occur in a short time. Especially in the inner wall moisturizing plate, even if it is completely closed with a cloth, it is difficult to eliminate the above phenomenon. After the completion of the construction, it will bring many repairs, which will bring inconvenience to the users.
(5) When painting the wall again, it is necessary to remove the original 821 putty, which is laborious and pollutes the environment.
(6) The surface is not delicate enough and the texture is poor.
4. What are the advantages of water resistant putty?
Water resistant putty is an excellent alternative to 821 putty.
(1) Strong adhesion, high bonding strength, certain toughness and good air permeability.
(2) There will be no chalking after damp and strong water resistance.
(3) When the water-resistant putty is used, the wall surface will not crack, peel, or fall off.
(4) The wall surface with water-resistant putty is delicate, soft and good in texture.
(5) After using the water-resistant putty wall contamination, you can directly scrub or directly apply the interior wall paint. And can improve the performance and service life of the coating.
(6) When painting the inner wall again, it is not necessary to remove the wall surface and directly apply the interior wall paint.
(7) Water-resistant putty is an environmentally friendly material that does not cause any pollution to indoor air.
5. In comparison, what are the advantages of putty powder?
Putty powder is a mixture of polymer powder and powdered glue. After blending with water in a certain proportion, it can be used to level the wall. Since formaldehyde can only exist in a gaseous or liquid form, the putty powder has a minimum or no formaldehyde content and is more environmentally friendly.
6. Which file is restricted to ordinary putty represented by 821?
The “Beijing Building Materials (2007) No. 837 Document – ​​“Notice on Issuing the Fifth Batch of Prohibited and Restricted Building Materials and Construction Processes in Beijing†issued by the Beijing Municipal Construction Committee and the Regulation Committee clearly stipulates The use of “water-resistant gypsum-type wall putty†limits the use of “poor water resistance and low strengthâ€. The limited use range is residential engineering, and the alternative products are various water-resistant putty.
7. When and how to use putty in the decoration process?
In front of the top of the paint wall, first put the putty, then apply the primer and then paint it.
8. How is the putty made in the quota?
There is no corresponding quota for the batch of putty, which is a process and is generally included in the painting project.
9. Can the exterior wall putty be used indoors? Will there be environmental problems?
The exterior wall putty can be used indoors, but it is better to use the interior wall putty in the interior. The outer wall putty is generally less environmentally friendly than the inner wall putty.
10. Why is ordinary putty (such as 821 putty) easy to chalk?
(1) Ordinary putty (such as 821 putty) is mainly made of white powder, a little starch gel and CMC (hydroxymethyl cellulose), and also prepared with methyl cellulose and double fly powder. Such putty has no adhesion. Not resistant to water.
(2) After dissolving cellulose and water, it can absorb water and swell. The water absorption rate of different manufacturers is different. Cellulose plays a role in water retention in putty. The dried putty only has a certain strength temporarily, but it will be slow after a long time. Slow powder removal, which is closely related to the molecular structure of cellulose itself.
(3) Such a putty is loose, has a high water absorption rate, is easy to be powdered, has no strength, and has no elasticity. If the topcoat is applied on it, low PVC is easy to burst; high PVC is easy to dehydrate and shrink crack; due to its high water absorption, it affects the film formation and construction effect of the topcoat.
11. What is the phenomenon of insufficient glue in putty?
The lack of putty glue, the most direct performance is that the layer of putty is loose, the surface is powdered, the paint consumption is large when the top coat is applied, the leveling property is poor, the surface is rough after film formation, and it is difficult to form a dense paint film. Shortly after the user moves to a new home, the paint surface will appear peeling, blistering, falling off, cracking, etc., causing the beautiful home built by the user to be destroyed. If the user wants to change the status quo, he must remove all the inferior putty without leaving any residue. Then, purchase quality quality putty and latex paint, and repeat all the construction procedures before moving into the new home, so that users not only suffer huge economic losses. It will also face the embarrassing situation of how to deal with furniture and other decorative materials that have been placed in the interior.
12. What is the impact of using corrosive chemical materials in putty?
Many putty, especially putty powder, often contain corrosive chemical raw materials, causing redness and ulceration of the skin after contact with the body. During the process of applying to the wall, various decorative materials, especially the wood and wood which are in contact with the putty, are widely used. The doors and windows are obviously discolored, soft or fall off. After the latex paint is applied, the paint film is yellowed, loses color or falls off. After moving into the furniture, the service life of the furniture is also greatly shortened.
13, why putty powder off?
The main reason is that the base wall is too dry, the wind speed is too large, and the water absorption is too strong. After the putty is applied to the wall, it cannot be normally hydrated and solidified, resulting in surface layer chalking. This requires first moisturizing with a roller brush and then putty.
14. What causes the water-resistant putty to peel?
(1) The strength of the base layer is too low, powdered or peeled off, resulting in the surface layer putty hollowing, or even peeling. It is more common in the water-resistant putty on the surface of ordinary putty (including white powder, double fly powder, lime powder) and plaster plaster layer.
(2) The base wall is untreated, and there is floating soil or other debris that causes the water-resistant putty to fail to adhere properly.
(3) Improper curing of the cement, demolding of the base layer, resulting in a decrease in the adhesion of the cement surface, and the water-resistant putty cannot be properly attached.
15. Under what circumstances is the water-resistant putty prone to cracking?
(1) The putty forms microcracks during the curing period due to the single draping over-thickness;
(2) Construction under high temperature environment.
(3) Dry and windy environment.
(4) Construction under low temperature environment.
16. What are the factors that cause water-resistant putty foaming?
(1) The curing period of the base cement has not passed, and the alkalinity is too large, which causes the putty layer to be alkaline high during the curing period, and the foaming marks remain after drying.
(2) The base wall is too dry, and the speed of the draping is too fast, which causes the putty to be laminated with the air to produce an air drum, which can be solved by repeatedly draping several times.
17. How did the putty empty drum come about?
(1) The base layer is not properly treated, so that the putty layer is not tightly contacted with the base layer to form a sandwich.
(2) There is a dense layer between the base layer and the putty layer, so that the air cannot be properly diffused to the base layer.
18, what is the cause of water-resistant putty yellowing?
(1) Simultaneous construction with polyester paint (paint) or release agent, resulting in yellowing of the putty film.
(2) The base layer has oil or other grease and dirt, which is not cleaned, resulting in yellowing of the putty film.
(3) The putty film is contaminated by rust or other colored substances, which may cause the putty film to turn yellow.
(4) The temperature is too low (below 5 ° C).
19, sunny and dry weather, how long can the water-resistant putty on the wall dry out?
Ventilation through the window, it can be dried for almost 3 days.
20, how many times is the putty batch suitable?
The specificity depends on the age of the wall:
(1) If you are a new house, you only need to approve it twice. After the second batch, you can sand it together. You can apply the latex paint on the wall.
(2) If the second-hand house is approved three times, it will be better. After three times of sanding, it can be used on the wall.
21, how to use water-resistant putty to treat the wall?
In the first step, the original wall is cleaned to the base.
The second step is to repair the original wall. After the cracked or hollowed place is added with a mesh belt or kraft paper, the water-resistant putty is used to complete the wall.
In the third step, after the scraper is printed and sanded, the dust is cleaned and the topcoat is directly brushed.
22, good putty cream, or putty putty powder is good?
The putty paste is convenient and quick, and can be used directly without mixing with water, but the shelf life of the putty cream is shorter. After the putty powder is mixed with water, the empty consistency can be freely controlled, and the shelf life is long.
23, choose to prepare the putty with construction glue should pay attention to what?
(1) The first type is made of polyvinyl alcohol as the main raw material, and the construction adhesive made by heating is made of dark transparent glue, commonly known as 107 glue. At present, there are other brands on the market such as 801 glue, 803 glue, 901 glue, etc., such as very thick, brushed dark transparent glue, also belongs to this category. This type of adhesive has high adhesiveness, strong adhesion, and good hardness after being mixed into the filler. The disadvantage is: formaldehyde, poor environmental protection. A quote from a building materials testing center in the media: 107 glue name "polyvinyl formal", has a pungent odor, contains a lot of free formaldehyde, formaldehyde has been recognized as a strong carcinogen, it enters the human body through the respiratory system, Damage to human health. 801 glue is a 107 glue changeover product. It is a production process in the process of producing 107 glue. It uses urea to condense free formaldehyde into urine aldehyde. The purpose is to reduce the free formaldehyde content, which is characterized by the reduction of irritating odor, but it is simple. The production equipment, free formaldehyde will not be completely condensed, and urine aldehyde is easily reduced to formaldehyde and urea. At present, the free formaldehyde content of 107 or 801 building glue in the market greatly exceeds the relevant national standards. The original industry standard for 107 or 801 glue is: free formaldehyde content ≤ 5g/kg. The "standard water-based formaldehyde-based adhesive" specified in the National Standard gb18583-2001 "Limited Hazardous Substances in Interior Decoration Materials Adhesives", which was enforced on July 1, 2002, has a free formaldehyde content of ≤ 1g/kg, with 107, 801. The paint putty prepared by the construction glue not only poisons the construction workers directly during the release of free formaldehyde during use, but after the end of the project, the free formaldehyde in the putty is less likely to be released due to the "protection" effect of the outer layer of paint. According to statistics from a hospital in Harbin, 90% of children with leukemia have recently been renovated in their families and are associated with free formaldehyde.
(2) The second type is the construction glue which is composed of methyl fiber and synthetic emulsion as the main raw material and is compounded at room temperature. It is milky white glue, commonly known as 108 glue. The adhesiveness is moderate and there is no drawing phenomenon. When used, it is best to be compounded with inorganic cementitious materials such as cement, ash calcium and gypsum. The disadvantages of the glue are: (1) If the quality of the cellulose is not good, the fine putty of the cellulose will be attached to the surface after the prepared putty batch is scraped, which not only affects the decorative effect, but also wastes the paint. (2) When the putty is added on site, if no cement or gray calcium or gypsum is added, there will be disadvantages such as low strength of the putty prepared by shrinking. The utility model has the advantages that the mixture containing cement, or gray calcium and gypsum has better modification and improvement, does not contain formaldehyde, and has good environmental protection.
24, batch putty is to use putty powder directly, or use "talc +108 glue" good?
(1) The putty powder is adjusted, and it can be used only by adding water. It is convenient for construction and saves time. It is a material that is more commonly used by painters at present.
(2) "Talc +108 glue (or white latex)" requires workers with certain construction experience to adjust well, because it involves the problem of blending ratio, too much glue is not easy to scrape, glue is too small to crack, and it takes time It is generally used in renovation projects where the requirements are relatively high. It takes time to dry out, so now the general households use less.
25, when the putty is dry after brushing the wall paint, must first brush the alkali-resistant primer?
If there is no pan-alkali on the wall, there is no need to brush the anti-mite primer.
26, What effect does the putty have on the latex paint?
The wall is composed of three layers (wall base, putty layer, paint surface). Due to the influence and changes of environmental and climatic conditions, deformation is easy to occur, because the deformation index is different and the wall surface is cracked. If the putty layer is flexible (for example, using N3-800 elastic waterproof type eco putty), it not only effectively prevents cracking of the wall surface, but also prevents the peeling and falling off of the wall surface. Therefore, the putty plays a role between the wall and the latex paint. For the wall, the putty must be tightly bonded to the wall and firmly bonded; for the latex paint, it is to provide a good substrate with a strong embedded structure, and no rejection reaction with the latex paint.
27 Why is it not recommended to use 107 glue, or a glue like 107 to prepare putty?
The construction workers are accustomed to using 107 glue, or a glue similar to 107 to prepare the putty, because the 107 glue has high viscosity, strong adhesion, and is mixed with filler to form a putty batch, which has good hardness, is not easy to fall off and crack. However, many puttyes on the market are made up of 107 glues, inferior fillers without standard and non-standard. 107 glue contains a large amount of formaldehyde and polyvinyl formal which cause serious harm to the human body. It is a product prohibited by the state. Inferior fillers are generally indicators of various heavy metals and radionuclides, and are potential enemies of human health. The plant gum series products produced on the basis of bioengineering technology are undoubtedly the original green products, and users should choose such putty.
28, the wall is scratched with water-resistant putty. After drying, it is found that the surface strength is large, and the inside is powder. Why?
(1) After the putty is scraped onto the wall, many chemical materials such as cellulose and latex powder in the putty will accumulate on the surface with the evaporation of water, which will result in the inner layer of the putty not being able to obtain the required strength. In addition, the inner layer of the putty is generally slower, and may not dry out during the test. This is also one of the main reasons leading to the powdering of putty.
(2) There is another possibility: the quality of white cement is poor, and the price of white cement is relatively high. Therefore, illegal traders often mix other cheap fillers into white cement.
(3) Solution: increase the amount of rubber powder and white cement.
29, when patching putty, which parts need to be patched?
If ordinary putty (such as: 821 putty) or water-resistant putty is used, it is better to use the patch treatment process for the joint between the light body wall and the partition wall board, the joint between the furniture and the wall surface, and the groove on the wall surface. . If you use elastic putty (such as: N3-800 elastic waterproof type putty), you can use the patch treatment, directly scrape.
30, did not wait for the first time the putty dried out to scrape the second time putty, will it affect the quality?
This is prone to quality problems such as cracking, peeling, hollowing, and yellowing of the wall. You should wait until the previous process is completely dry before proceeding to the next process.
31. What are the disadvantages of using gypsum powder to fill the corner?
There are several defects in using gypsum powder to fill the corner:
(1) Since the gypsum solidifies quickly, the infiltrated base layer cannot be sufficiently wetted, and the adhesion is poor.
(2) In order to facilitate the batch scraping, many gypsums have added non-standard moisture absorbent, and the gypsum can not be dried after solidification, and the wet weather is very easy to regain moisture.
(3) The non-standard operation of the workers on site will bury the hidden dangers of quality, safety and environmental protection for the home.
32. Some people say that it is easy to crack the paint film by using transparent putty. Is this true?
There are many reasons for delamination of paint. Common ones are:
(1) The putty is not dried and is painted.
(2) The color and top coat are drying too fast or the hardness is too great.
(3) The curing agent and paint are not matched.
33. Someone used "double fly powder, or putty powder + glue" instead of wood putty, can it?
First of all, wood putty and brush wall putty powder are different, wood putty is divided into many kinds, there are water-based putty and oily putty. Water-based wood putty is a paste made by mixing a large amount of filler with an adhesive or the like, which is also called a sludge. Its function is to fill in various defects such as cracks in the hole on the surface of the object, blisters, and blemishes to obtain a flat surface, which saves paint and increases the appearance. Oily wood putty is made of varnish, tung oil added to turpentine oil to make oily wood putty, high cost, not environmentally friendly, difficult to use, it is rarely used now. In general, the putty powder on the wall is only required to be hard enough. However, the putty of the wood wall is not the same. It is a putty that requires flexibility (for example: N3-800 elastic waterproof type putty) because of the problem of heat expansion and contraction. If it is used in wood (furniture), it is necessary to be hard enough. If you use the "double fly powder, or putty powder + glue" approach, it will be very smooth when grinding, but because of its hardness is not enough, there will be sand holes and other sites.
(The above content is for reference only)
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