Cotton seedling technology management measures

In the process of cotton cultivation and management, in order to achieve high yield and harvest high-quality cotton, seedling management is the key. Therefore, in management, we strive to achieve Miaoquan, Miaoqi, Miaozhuang, and lay a good foundation for high cotton production.

Timely seedling

The seedlings are better than the grassland, and the timely seedlings can prevent the emergence of high-stem seedlings, and timely resolve the contradiction between cotton seedlings crowding, competing for fertilizer, glory, and water competition, and it is convenient for timely farming and pest control. It has a good effect on promoting root growth of cotton seedlings, preventing dead seedlings and promoting early growth. In general, cotton should be planted when one piece of true leaves grows. The cotton field can be planted with a standard of bamboo shoots at a time, and the seedlings can be selected. Saline-alkali land can be postponed until two or three true leaves. Early cultivating

Interplanting can loosen the soil, increase the ground temperature, eliminate weeds, promote water ventilation, accelerate the decomposition of soil nutrients, prevent and reduce the occurrence of cotton seedling diseases, and is one of the main measures to achieve early growth of cotton seedlings. In the open field cotton field where the soil moisture is too high, the ground temperature is low, and the soil is knotted, the effect is particularly remarkable. The number and depth of cultivating should be appropriate to achieve soil non-consolidation and no weeds in the field. Generally, it is carried out 2 to 3 times, and the cotton seedlings are shallow around, and the depth between rows is 7 to 10 cm.

Prevention of pests and diseases

Disease. Seedling disease is the main obstacle affecting cotton seedlings and seedlings. There are ten kinds of diseases that damage the roots of cotton, which can cause rotten roots, rotten buds, stem base rot, root rot, followed by root rot, which is harmful to cotyledons, true leaves and stems. Disease, spot disease, soft rot, etc. But the biggest impact on cotton development is: blight, anthracnose, red rot. Before the cotton seedlings are unearthed, the disease can cause rotten seeds, causing rotten seeds, rotten buds and root rot. The lighter affects the growth and development of cotton seedlings, and the heavy ones cause a large number of dead seedlings in the seedling stage, causing serious lack of seedlings and ridges, and severe cases cause devastating deaths in the whole field. Control methods: rational rotation, fine soil preparation, balanced fertilization, application of organic fertilizer or bio-antibiotic fertilizer, use of coated seeds, continuous exposure for 2 to 3 days before sowing, and timely sowing to improve the quality of sowing. At the seedling stage, roots are irrigated with 80% bacteriostatic 200 times solution or 50% carbendazim or 70% methyl thiophanate or charcoal or damycin. During the bell period, cotton red rot can be sprayed with 50% carbendazim 500 times or 70% mancozeb 800 times.

Pests. Cotton seedlings are mainly cotton aphid, cotton leafhopper, cotton scorpion horse, and ground test tiger. With the popularization of transgenic cotton, the cotton cotton intercropping and the cotton field using de-coated cotton, the number of natural enemies in cotton fields has increased, and the types and hazards of cotton pests have also changed greatly. Therefore, the prevention and control of cotton seedling pests should pay attention to the protection and utilization of natural enemies, distinguish different types of cotton fields, and conduct pest detection and prevention. The control of cotton seedling pests is mainly focused on cotton aphid. First, 3% of carbofuran granules are used for seed dressing, and then treated with omethoate after emergence.

Appropriate topdressing, control watering

Fertilize. The water requirement of cotton seedlings only accounts for 5% of the total amount of fertilizer needed for a lifetime. Therefore, in cotton fields and high-yield cotton fields where the base fertilizer is applied, it is generally not fattening. However, for cotton fields with poor soil fertility and a small amount of base fertilizer, the seedling fertilizer should be applied early, and the topdressing fertilizer should be based on quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer and decomposed organic fertilizer. Generally, about 5 kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer per mu can be applied.

Watering. The cotton seedlings need less water, which is to promote the cotton roots to tie down, and the cotton is solid. In the cotton field that makes the bottom, generally do not need watering, and try to delay the first watering time, so as not to reduce the ground temperature, causing seedling disease, resulting in weak seedlings. If the soil is 10 to 40 cm, the maximum water holding capacity of the soil should be watered in time if it is less than 50 to 55%. Watering in the seedling stage, the water volume should be small, adopting furrow irrigation, or irrigation in the furrow, timely cultivating after pouring, and breaking the knot.

Rotten bell control method

Cotton rotten bells, commonly known as cockroaches (mold) peaches, occur almost every year. Therefore, comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent and control on the basis of clarifying the conditions and causes of cotton rotten bells.

Conditions and causes

Cotton rotten bells are caused by a variety of pathogens infesting cotton bolls. It is rainy in summer, the cotton field is relatively humid, the canopy is heavier, the ventilation and light transmission are poor, and it is suitable for the pathogens to infest and infect, the disease is often serious, and the cotton rotten bell is also serious. Cotton boll diseases mainly include blight, anthracnose, angular leaf spot, red rot, pink powder, black fruit disease, etc. Among them, the disease is the main type of disease of rotten bell, accounting for bell disease.

28.3% to 99.7%.

Prevention

1. Rational fertilization: increase the application of organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, apply appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer, prevent cotton plants from prolonging, reduce cotton field closure, and improve ventilation and light transmission.

2. Timely drainage: For the cotton fields with low terrain, poor drainage and heavy water accumulation, the drainage ditch should be deepened to speed up the drainage. Eliminate the dark stains of cotton fields, improve the environmental conditions of cotton growth and development, and achieve cotton multi-peach, no premature aging, and reduce the disease. In addition, for cotton field drainage and prevention of cotton lodging, soil cultivation before cotton flowering is also an effective agronomic measure.

3. Moderate chemical control: In cotton fields with good fertilizer and water conditions, cotton plants are prone to prolonged growth. It should be properly sprayed in the middle and middle stages of cotton growth to regulate cotton growth, prevent cotton plants from growing and reduce bell disease.

4. Adjusting the bell ringing: too much mulberry in the cotton or early-earning cotton, and by taking effective measures to adjust the bolling and ringing parts of the cotton, the rotten bell can be reduced. Early-onset cotton advocates the removal of the early buds on the lower 1~4 fruit branches or the removal of the first and second fruit branches early.

5. Reasonable pruning: For cotton fields with too narrow line spacing and premature sealing, in order to alleviate the excessive depression in the field and improve the lighting conditions and ventilation conditions in the middle and lower parts, the heart should be removed as soon as possible, which can reduce the detachment of the bell and the bell.

6. Cultivating loose soil: Advocating inter-row cultivating loose soil, breaking the floor panel knot, reducing cotton field humidity, improving cotton growth environment conditions, can reduce cotton rotten bells.

7. Picking up the sick bell: After the bell period is more than 40 days, the bell shell has faded and turned yellow and the black spotted cotton peach has begun to be harvested before it is bad. The harvested cotton peach is dipped in a 1% ethephon solution and then air-dried to obtain a cotton with better boll opening.

8. Intercropping: reasonable intercropping has obvious anti-disease effect on cotton boll disease. Wheat-cotton, cotton-vegetable, cotton-melon are cooked, and the disease prevention effect is better.

Abortive rescue measures

The so-called abortion means that cotton loses its normal reproductive function, that is, it only blooms without peaches, or has more flowers and less peaches. The reason is first caused by climatic factors, followed by blindly arranging cotton varieties, and the cultivation methods are not compatible with climate change.

In terms of cultivation techniques, some late-maturing cotton varieties and late-maturing cotton encountered high temperature and drought at the peak of flowering; some cotton fields were too dense, the shade was severe, and the environment was poor; some cotton fields were biased with nitrogen fertilizer, resulting in The growth of nutrition is too strong, and it is not conducive to the peach.

The following measures can be taken to save cotton abortion: First, grasp the opportunity of the second peak of cotton. In the normal year from the end of July to the beginning of August, it is the first peak of the peach. When the temperature drops to 25-30 °C, there will be a peak of the second peach. Therefore, the loss of autumn peach can be compensated, the peach peach rate is about 15 percentage points higher than the peach. Second, differentiate the seedlings and strengthen management. Apply urea to the de-fertilized cotton field, 5-10 kg per mu; spray 1% urea and 0.2%-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution to the outside of the cotton field; thoroughly pruning the cotton field with high density and shading The old leaves are removed; the mitral amine or the melanin is sprayed on the outer roots of the cotton field, which is 3 to 5 grams per mu or 12 to 20 milliliters, 50 kilograms to the water; Third, select cotton varieties suitable for planting in the region; timely seedlings, early transplanting; rational close planting; improvement of cotton field water facilities; scientific operation of fertilizer water.

Post-disaster management points

Most of the disasters occurred in June-July. At this time, cotton is in the early flowering stage of Shenglei, and the cotton regeneration ability is strong. As long as the management is strengthened after the disaster, it can still obtain a good harvest. After the cotton disaster, the emphasis on classification management technology, the main points are:

Timely drainage and flood prevention. Hail is often accompanied by violent storms, which often cause water accumulation in the field. The soil moisture is too large, which may cause damage to cotton roots, affecting the normal growth of cotton, and clearing ditch drainage and dehumidification immediately after the disaster.

Cultivate loose soil. After the disaster, the soil in the cotton field is compacted, the ground temperature is low, and the humidity is high. All kinds of affected cotton fields should be ploughed in time to break the knot, increase the ground temperature, promote the physiological activities of the roots, and restore the cotton plants to normal growth as soon as possible.

For the heavily damaging cotton fields with more than 80% of cotton stalks after the disaster, it is recommended to remove the cotton plants and replant other crops to minimize economic losses.

For cotton fields with 50% to 80% cotton stalks after the disaster, it is recommended to prepare other crops and temporarily retain the cotton plants. According to the weather, it depends on the recovery of cotton plants. If the dead cotton plant is below 40%, the cotton is retained more than the replanted crop, and the cotton is retained; otherwise, the cotton is removed and the other crops are replanted.

For the broken leaf or part of the fruit branch, the axillary bud and the leaf branch should be removed early to ensure the normal development of the terminal bud. For headless cotton plants, 2 to 3 leaf branches can be reserved instead of the main stem, and 3 to 4 fruit branches are left on each leaf branch.

For cotton fields with more than 2 to 3 residual fruit branches remaining after 50% of cotton plants in the aftermath of the disaster, the following measures should be taken immediately: 1. Combine drainage and cultivating loose soil. For the inverted cotton plant, the righteous soil is cultivated, so that the interest can be improved soon. Early application of quick-acting fertilizers will prompt cotton plants to grow new branches and leaves, and increase the number of buds. Generally, 10 kg of urea is applied to the mu, and the ditch is applied to fully meet the needs of the cotton plant to rebuild the vegetative body and the bud flower bell.

2. Timely pruning and shaping. After the recovery of the locust-affected cotton plants, there are many branches, and the pruning of the cotton plants will cause the cotton plants to grow wild. Therefore, after the new shoots of the cotton plants grow, they must be properly stalked according to the conditions of density and soil fertility. For the broken cotton, when the sprout grows to 3 cm, according to the principle of “Leave no left, stay strong and not stay weak”, choose 2 to 4 new shoots instead of stems, and each branch with high density can leave 2 leaf branches. Instead of the main stem, each plant with a small density can retain 3 leaf branches instead of the main stem, but special attention should be paid to timely smearing the buds and hitting the tops at the right time to concentrate the nutrients on the peaches.

3. Scientific control. After the disaster, the cotton should be lightly controlled and diligently controlled. Based on the principle of a small number of times, the fertilizer should be controlled according to the ground force, cotton plant growth and weather conditions. The amount of ketamine should be used: the first time 1~2g/mu, the second time 2 Gram/mu, the third 3 g/mu, the fourth 3 g/mu.

4. Remove insects in time. The new branches and leaves of the disaster-hit cotton field are relatively tender, and are extremely vulnerable to pests such as cotton aphid, especially the high humidity, which is beneficial to the occurrence of cotton aphid. Therefore, we must pay close attention to the movements of cotton pests and timely remove them to prevent damage caused by pests in cotton fields.

How to apply potassium fertilizer

The method of applying potassium fertilizer to cotton is generally based on the base fertilizer and coarse fertilizer. At present, straw should be strongly promoted. According to the survey, the amount of returning 800 kg per 667 square meters can not only return 4 kg of potassium oxide to the soil, but also convert the latent potassium in the soil into effective potassium. Potassium fertilizer is better at the bottom. If applied as a top dressing, it can be applied in the bud stage, but it should not be mixed with superphosphate. The application rate is 75 kg of lint per 667 square meters, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the cotton field of 12 kg of pure nitrogen per 667 square meters should be 1:0.75:0.37. The general number is: 30 kg of urea per 667 square meters, 50 kg of superphosphate, 10 kg of potassium chloride.

The higher the general yield indicator, the higher the proportion of potassium fertilizer should be. On the contrary, it should be lowered appropriately, but the minimum should not be lower than 0.3. For example, before and after the flowering period of cotton, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 1% grass ash leaching solution is sprayed outside the roots, and 120 kg of solution per 667 square meters is sprayed twice.

Cotton bollworm control points

Four generations of cotton bollworm: 1. Occurrence and control period: August 4-20 is the adult spawning period, and the prevention period is August 6-20, during which time the application is controlled once every 5 days. 2. Use of pharmacy: A is used for 2 generations of sharp sharks per acre, and 60 milliliters of water is applied to the upper part of the 2 buckets of "snow cover". B per mu with insecticide 50-60 ml plus NPV2 generation (or Olympus No. 1 2 generation) 2 barrels of water. C remove 40-50 ml of water per acre.

Cotton aphid: Fuxi will continue to occur, and the application of the drug is 蚜虱消, four seasons red, Bode, 蚜虱 等, etc., using 3-4 generations per acre to spray the upper part of the cotton plant evenly on 2 barrels of water.

Verticillium wilt: After the climate turns cold, Verticillium wilt will become the second peak of the disease, and it is necessary to grasp the drug control disease. The best agent is the combination of chloroform and pyrimidine nucleoside per 100 ml of combined pest control.

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