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Diamond materials have been in development for more than 50 years. In addition to its traditional tooling applications (geology, petroleum drills, cutting, etc.), applications in optical and thermal applications are also rising, and in semiconductor devices such as high temperature environments. Diamond materials have also found new applications for high-power and high-frequency equipment.
Diamond's unique physical and electrical properties make it an ideal candidate for electronic devices with comprehensive performance, including familiar thermal conductivity, wide band gaps, excellent electronic insulators, and high breakdown. Characteristics such as voltage and carrier mobility.
However, as you might expect, diamonds and the development of diamond materials are costly, and the use of diamond materials is limited, and can only be used in a small number of areas and high-end equipment.
Yole R&D in a report "Application of Diamond Materials in Semiconductors" pointed out that the company has developed the potential application value of diamond in electronic equipment. The report focuses on high-voltage power electronics, high-frequency and high-power equipment and high power. Applications in optoelectronic devices (laser diodes, LEDs, etc.). And in market quantification, the use of diamond in passive (radiator) and active (diode, transistor) devices has been considered.
In the diamond material market in 2013, a large number of industry personnel were plagued by this high-quality and high-cost material problem, the biggest problem being the high cost of research and development activities. The diamond material market growth report for 2013-2020 pointed out that the application of diamond materials is divided into two aspects: the basic application is semiconductor devices, and the market value exceeds 43 million US dollars, mainly in the application of thermal management of thermal processing of high-power equipment.
Obtaining high quality diamond materials is the key to the development of diamond equipment
Electronic fields such as Schottky diodes, transistors, etc. require high quality single crystal chemical vapor deposition diamonds because of their superior application properties such as high carrier mobility, long carrier lifetime, high subdivision and high thermal conductivity. Sex and so on.
High-quality diamond wafers are formed from diamond crystals in a high temperature and high pressure environment and are only a few millimeters in size. In contrast, semiconductor material silicon carbide wafers are up to 150 mm in size.
Future diamond-based active devices must have wafer requirements of more than 2 inches and a defect density of 100 cm-2 or less. Different methods of implementing individual wafers on thick diamond films are under development. Currently, a damascene method can achieve a 2-inch size wafer, but the defect density has yet to be reduced. According to Yole's technical plan for single crystal diamond wafers, the commercial application of a 2-inch wafer with a low defect density is expected to be realized in 2016-2017.
Due to its expansion potential, enhanced microwave chemical vapor deposition is more promising for crystal growth than high temperature and high pressure. Yole also said: "Enhanced microwave chemical vapor deposition is the most promising technical method for film growth, while the promotion of high-thickness diamond film growth is a uniform epitaxial single crystal diamond wafer.
The heteroepitaxial diamond on the yttrium element can make the diamond film up to 4 inches, but to achieve a larger size requires a well-controlled and reproducible production process.
In addition to the single-wafer material manufacturing technology challenge, n-type dopants are still difficult to achieve due to the lack of an effective donor, which severely hampers the use of diamond in electronics. Since boron can be used to produce p-type dopants of generally insulated diamonds, many people now focus on the production of unipolar devices. The first batch of active diamond devices is expected to be Schottky's diodes.
Although the electrothermal properties of polycrystalline diamond films are not very good compared to single crystal diamond materials, they are large in area and low in cost. Yole said: "Polycrystalline diamond films are mainly used in thermal pad devices (and many non-electronic application functions, such as optical windows). In the future, reducing the cost and material properties of diamond films depends mainly on CVD equipment."
As a result, equipment manufacturers such as Cornes Technologies, Inc., Element Six, Plassys-Bestek, and sp3 Diamond Technologies are investing in CVD reactions with greater deposition, higher growth rates, lower power consumption, and higher quality film quality. The development of the device and the direct integration of the diamond film and wafer have great potential value in reducing the thermal management cost of high power and high frequency device applications.
Early market access helps ensure a better position for the company in future big markets
The difference between diamond material suppliers is mainly due to technical differences. Although many manufacturers can provide diamond materials, only a small number of them can provide high quality products. Compared with the products with lower quality, they are only A greater degree of discrimination, but only a cheap alternative to non-diamonds. In fact, less than three companies of each type of material can supply high-quality products continuously. Many manufacturers have their own major R&D bases and R&D funds to develop new products. In such market competition, only technical advantages are obtained. Take the first machine.
Recently Element Six acquired the Group4 laboratory as a partner, indicating that key advanced technologies have become an important trend to ensure the company's fixed position in the diamond materials market. From the past history, we can see that the development and optimization of diamond technology is very complicated and time consuming. The technology and IP advantages that diamond manufacturers have in the past are difficult for new manufacturers to overcome, and it is almost impossible to break into the market in the future.
For example, developers and manufacturers of high-power and high-frequency and high-power optics rely on renewable supplies of high-quality materials.
Some leading European and Japanese companies, especially those in power and electronics, are still conservative about applying diamond-based equipment. This gives other companies the opportunity to avoid using technology and directly compete with them to continuously develop the power electronics market share and take the lead in the market. (Excerpt from: " Yole: Diamond materials to sparkle in passive devices ", translator: Ma Yanping)
Diamond's unique physical and electrical properties make it an ideal candidate for electronic devices with comprehensive performance, including familiar thermal conductivity, wide band gaps, excellent electronic insulators, and high breakdown. Characteristics such as voltage and carrier mobility.
However, as you might expect, diamonds and the development of diamond materials are costly, and the use of diamond materials is limited, and can only be used in a small number of areas and high-end equipment.
Yole R&D in a report "Application of Diamond Materials in Semiconductors" pointed out that the company has developed the potential application value of diamond in electronic equipment. The report focuses on high-voltage power electronics, high-frequency and high-power equipment and high power. Applications in optoelectronic devices (laser diodes, LEDs, etc.). And in market quantification, the use of diamond in passive (radiator) and active (diode, transistor) devices has been considered.
In the diamond material market in 2013, a large number of industry personnel were plagued by this high-quality and high-cost material problem, the biggest problem being the high cost of research and development activities. The diamond material market growth report for 2013-2020 pointed out that the application of diamond materials is divided into two aspects: the basic application is semiconductor devices, and the market value exceeds 43 million US dollars, mainly in the application of thermal management of thermal processing of high-power equipment.
Obtaining high quality diamond materials is the key to the development of diamond equipment
Electronic fields such as Schottky diodes, transistors, etc. require high quality single crystal chemical vapor deposition diamonds because of their superior application properties such as high carrier mobility, long carrier lifetime, high subdivision and high thermal conductivity. Sex and so on.
High-quality diamond wafers are formed from diamond crystals in a high temperature and high pressure environment and are only a few millimeters in size. In contrast, semiconductor material silicon carbide wafers are up to 150 mm in size.
Future diamond-based active devices must have wafer requirements of more than 2 inches and a defect density of 100 cm-2 or less. Different methods of implementing individual wafers on thick diamond films are under development. Currently, a damascene method can achieve a 2-inch size wafer, but the defect density has yet to be reduced. According to Yole's technical plan for single crystal diamond wafers, the commercial application of a 2-inch wafer with a low defect density is expected to be realized in 2016-2017.
Due to its expansion potential, enhanced microwave chemical vapor deposition is more promising for crystal growth than high temperature and high pressure. Yole also said: "Enhanced microwave chemical vapor deposition is the most promising technical method for film growth, while the promotion of high-thickness diamond film growth is a uniform epitaxial single crystal diamond wafer.
The heteroepitaxial diamond on the yttrium element can make the diamond film up to 4 inches, but to achieve a larger size requires a well-controlled and reproducible production process.
In addition to the single-wafer material manufacturing technology challenge, n-type dopants are still difficult to achieve due to the lack of an effective donor, which severely hampers the use of diamond in electronics. Since boron can be used to produce p-type dopants of generally insulated diamonds, many people now focus on the production of unipolar devices. The first batch of active diamond devices is expected to be Schottky's diodes.
Although the electrothermal properties of polycrystalline diamond films are not very good compared to single crystal diamond materials, they are large in area and low in cost. Yole said: "Polycrystalline diamond films are mainly used in thermal pad devices (and many non-electronic application functions, such as optical windows). In the future, reducing the cost and material properties of diamond films depends mainly on CVD equipment."
As a result, equipment manufacturers such as Cornes Technologies, Inc., Element Six, Plassys-Bestek, and sp3 Diamond Technologies are investing in CVD reactions with greater deposition, higher growth rates, lower power consumption, and higher quality film quality. The development of the device and the direct integration of the diamond film and wafer have great potential value in reducing the thermal management cost of high power and high frequency device applications.
Early market access helps ensure a better position for the company in future big markets
The difference between diamond material suppliers is mainly due to technical differences. Although many manufacturers can provide diamond materials, only a small number of them can provide high quality products. Compared with the products with lower quality, they are only A greater degree of discrimination, but only a cheap alternative to non-diamonds. In fact, less than three companies of each type of material can supply high-quality products continuously. Many manufacturers have their own major R&D bases and R&D funds to develop new products. In such market competition, only technical advantages are obtained. Take the first machine.
Recently Element Six acquired the Group4 laboratory as a partner, indicating that key advanced technologies have become an important trend to ensure the company's fixed position in the diamond materials market. From the past history, we can see that the development and optimization of diamond technology is very complicated and time consuming. The technology and IP advantages that diamond manufacturers have in the past are difficult for new manufacturers to overcome, and it is almost impossible to break into the market in the future.
For example, developers and manufacturers of high-power and high-frequency and high-power optics rely on renewable supplies of high-quality materials.
Some leading European and Japanese companies, especially those in power and electronics, are still conservative about applying diamond-based equipment. This gives other companies the opportunity to avoid using technology and directly compete with them to continuously develop the power electronics market share and take the lead in the market. (Excerpt from: " Yole: Diamond materials to sparkle in passive devices ", translator: Ma Yanping)
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