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The research and development project of the Ministry of Construction’s 2006 Science and Technology Project Plan “Technical Study on Fire Protection Test Methods for External Wall Insulation Systems, Fire Rating Evaluation Standards, and Building Application Scope†concludes that the overall fire safety performance of the system is the key. Fire protection partitions and fire protection surface layers are the three key elements of system structural fire protection; at the same time, the fire insulation rating and applicable heights of external insulation systems for external walls are proposed, as shown in Table 1. The use of flammable organic insulation materials in foreign insulation Look, it is difficult for the external insulation system of flammable organic insulation materials to be thrown away in high-rise buildings. For example, in Germany, polystyrene board insulation materials are strictly prohibited in buildings above 22m in height, even when used in multi-storey buildings below 22m in thickness. After more than 100mm, it is necessary to make a fireproof partition to stop the spread of fire. At present, there is no mention in the various standards of the contents of different grades of insulation systems in the application of building height. Before the existing technical problems of inorganic thermal insulation systems are fully resolved, the application of organic thermal insulation materials must be solved by examining the overall safety of the system structure. Fire safety or treatment measures can be used to improve the fire safety of the system at all stages of application. The external thermal insulation system of the structural combination can achieve an equivalent non-combustible fire rating of class A, and the construction of fire protection measures will inevitably increase the application cost of the system.
This paper discusses the changes in the cost of various fireproofing external insulation systems before and after adding fireproof structures (calculated by Table 1) or finding alternative systems. It is proposed that interface mortar treatment can reduce organic insulation materials before the fire occurs. The ignitability and spread of fire were calculated based on the product form and sales price of Beijing Zhenli High-tech Co., Ltd., and the economic cost analysis of various structural measures, treatment measures or alternatives was conducted. Overall, the cost increase is limited, but the system's fire performance is significantly improved. Therefore, in order to improve the safety of the building, the cost calculations calculated in this paper are feasible and necessary.
Ministry of Construction 2006 Science and Technology Project Plan (06-k5-35) Song Changyou (1979T), Male, Master, Deputy General Manager Table 1 External Fire Protection Systems Fire Protection Levels Division and Applicable Heights Applicable Building 1 Top Layers and Height System Tests Requirements System Configuration Requirements Insulation Material System Heat Release Rate Peak (kW/m2) Flame Propagation/t Fire Blocking Fire Protection Fire Performance Fire Grade Fire Isolation Size mm Fire Prevention Chamber Size/(mmXmm) Cavity Layer Thickness Isolation Band Width > 300mm slit slit width >10mm Nonflammable Non-flammable or Non-flammable None Note: 1) The system test requirements and the requirements of the system construction requirements can be judged as the corresponding level at the same time; 2) The compartment and fireproof tape are Material with a peak heat release rate of not more than 5 kW. 3) Peak heat release rate of the system using a cone calorimeter test with a thermal radiation level of 50 kW. 4) Flame propagation of the system is measured in accordance with the window fire test. The window fire test is equivalent to Standard BS8414-12002 is. T2 is the temperature of any of the measuring points in the insulating layer of the horizontal line of 1.2 in the test.
2 interface processing interface The original function of the mortar is to make two types of materials with poor bonding to achieve effective bonding, especially the adhesion between extruded polystyrene board and polyurethane insulation material and polymer mortar, no interface treatment or improper handling Engineering accidents that cause quality problems occur from time to time, so people are increasingly paying attention to the interface treatment of adjacent materials. The proper interfacial mortar treatment will also play another important role, namely, the fireproof effect, the oxygen index of the polyphenylene plate coated with the fireproof interface mortar is obviously increased, for example, the polyphenylene plate with the oxygen index of 31% is treated after the mortar treatment at the fireproof interface. The Oxygen Index rose to 36%. If all flammable organic insulation materials are applied to the interface mortar immediately after LI is applied or sprayed on the wall (such as on-site spraying of polyurethane) before entering the construction site, it can meet small fires such as welding sparks and cigarette butts. The source of the attack, but the cost will change, see Table 2 Table 2 Interface Mortar Economic Analysis Project Molded polystyrene board Extruded polystyrene board (EPS) (XPS) Polyurethane brushing thickness / mm Bu 2 ratio (interface Agent: Cement: Sand) Duplex painting consumption Interface dose (kgm2) 1 (double-sided) 06 (single-sided) Sales unit price / (yuan ig) Artificial (yuan/m2) Total price (yuan/m2) Note: As The difference in the properties of the three kinds of insulation materials, so the interface treatment agent is different, the use of methods. The cost and selling price will be different.
3 If there is a cavity between the organic insulating board of the cavity and the base wall or between the decorative surface, oxygen will be provided for combustion when the fire occurs, and the chimney passage will be provided after the fire to accelerate the spread of the fire. Therefore, no cavity approach can solve the fire hazard caused by the cavity.
Taking a polyphenylene sheet thin plastering system as an example, Table 3 compares the changes in the cost of sticking full of sticky mortar and sticking the powdered polyphenyl particles into the adhesive powder. From the analysis, it can be seen that the use of adhesive-bonded polyphenylene granules has economic advantages, and that it has basic leveling and supplementary insulation, and can also protect the wall from delayed heat transfer to the basement walls in the event of a fire. .
Table 3 Cavity and Fully Viscous Economic Analysis Project Dry mix polystyrene board Bonding mortar method Bonding polyphenyl particle paste Bonding method Base layer cementation Polyphenylene board binder powder Poly surface mortar Benzene slurry Adhesive area / % Bonding Thickness/mm Bu 2 1 (Double-sided) Sales Unit Price Total (RMB/m2) Note: Standard bonded area with polystyrene plastering system. Fully sticky. Or using adhesive powder polystyrene particles for comparison.
4 Fire barrier system The fire barrier construction or the fire compartment configuration can effectively prevent the spread of flame. The fireproof partition can choose many kinds of light non-combustible or non-flammable materials, such as high-strength mineral wool board used in Germany, and if using powdered polystyrene particles as fireproof partition, according to the conclusion of the shaft furnace test in the technical research report, it can be known that 30mm The fire-proof partition can not affect any adjacent organic thermal insulation material within 20 minutes under the condition of 900°C. The economic comparative analysis of this paper takes a polyphenylene sheet thin plastering system as an example, and uses the fire rating classification in Table 1 and the applicable height fire rating I and class as examples. The powdered polystyrene particles or non-combustible rock wool sheets are used respectively. Fire compartments and fire barriers are shown in Table 4 for comparative economic analysis.
Table 4 Comparison of different fireproof partitions cost comparison fireproof partitions per unit area price / yuan / m2) thickness of the project mm fire rating fire isolation / mm sub-warehouse size / CmmXmm) sales price rubber powder polystyrene particles of rock wool sheet rubber powder polystyrene particles rock wool board Powdered Polystyrene Granules Rock wool sheet Rubber powder Polystyrene particles Rock wool sheet rubber powder Polystyrene particles Rock wool sheet rubber powder Polystyrene particles Rock wool board Note: The fire barrier is calculated according to 300mm, and the fire compartment slit is calculated by 10mm.
In foreign fire protection partitions, high-strength rock wool is used most frequently and is connected to the wall by means of full sticking. If polyphenylene granules are used for fire partitioning, the cost will be reduced. Since polystyrene or polyurethane is replaced instead, the material cost will be slightly higher than without the fireproof construction. However, regardless of any fireproof construction measures, construction costs will increase, but the fire protection performance of external insulation systems can be greatly enhanced.
5 Fire Protection Surface The thickness and quality stability of the protective surface layer determines the protection of the internal organic thermal insulation material when the system level is affected by heat or flame.
The fire protection surface layer can be made of non-combustible or non-flammable materials. From the perspective of various fire protection surfaces at present, when the ordinary cement mortar is used as a fire protection surface layer, the rigid material is easy to crack, and the adhesion to the organic insulation material is poor and self- Major defects make it impossible to apply. So looking for lightweight leveling material as a fire protection surface layer is a good choice. At present, the most widely used on the market is polyphenylene granules, which is the optimal choice under the current conditions. However, whether fireproof protective surfaces are used for other lightweight materials will cause other problems to be verified by practice. The lightweight fire protection surface layer not only provides the fire resistance of the system, but also plays a role in assisting the insulation, and can appropriately reduce the thickness of the organic insulation material. The comparison of the cost of different thicknesses of protective surface layers is shown in Table 5. 6 System comprehensive cost comparison There is no limit to the range of applications of various external wall thermal insulation systems in the existing market. For example, a 170m-plus project in Shanghai has used polyphenylene with poor fire performance. Plastered plaster external insulation system, a similar phenomenon is more common, the status quo is worrying. Table 6 shows the comparison of the combined costs of the three types of exterior insulation systems that account for most of the market share. Although the latter two systems will increase their costs under the 65% standard requirement for building energy conservation in Beijing, the fire protection level can reach Class I, and can be used for any type of building exterior insulation, while the polystyrene board thin plastering exterior insulation system is Table 1 can only be used in buildings below 24m.
Table 5' Cost of Protective Coatings of Different Thicknesses Contrast Fire Rating Items Rubber Powder Polystyrene Particles Polymer Plastering Mortars Glass Beads Rubber Powders Polyphenylene Particles Emulsifying Compounds Slurry Vitrified Beads Polystyrene Particles Polymer Plastering Mortars Vitrified Beads Leveling Thickness/mm Consumption/(kg/m2) Sales Unit Price Total Price/yuan/m2) 45 Yuan m3 Yuan/12 Table 6 Three kinds of System Cost Comparison Thermal Insulation System Polystyrene Board Thin Plaster External Wall Insulation System Polystyrene Granules Exterior Wall Insulation System Adhesive Powder Polystyrene Particles Adhesive Polystyrene Board Exterior Insulation System Equivalent Insulation Effect Construction Polystyrene Board Bonding Mortar Ten Polystyrene Board Interface Mortar Ten Rubber Powder Polystyrene Particles Insulation Interface Mortar Ten Adhesive-type Adhesive Powder Polystyrene Granules Ten Tensile Benzene Plate Ten Anti-cracking Ten Decorative Layer Slurry Ten Anti-cracking Ten Decorative Layer Ten Rubber Powder Polystyrene Particle Leveling Slurry Ten Anti-cracking Layer Ten Finishing siding system price (including construction costs) Construction measures included Fire rating Applicable Building height No cavities available. The flame retardant insulation layer has no cavity. Fire compartments. The protection surface is not limited. Note: Take the Beijing area as an example. Take the southern cities as an example, the external insulation system of the powdered polystyrene particles can reduce the cost of multi-pass construction, and the price is close to that of the polyphenylene sheet thin plastering system.
7 Summary In summary, compared to the non-fireproof construction of polystyrene board thin plaster exterior wall external insulation system, adding any kind of construction measures requires increasing costs, but if effective selection of suitable materials as part of the construction, increase The cost is limited, and at this time the fire safety of the system can be greatly improved. If the fire rating reaches Class I, the system will not be limited by the use of the building height. Therefore, it can be concluded that the flame-retardant grade polystyrene heat-insulation paste is a more suitable material under current technical conditions.
(Continued from page 69) The spread of the flame of the ester lasted for nearly 2 minutes and then extinguished. However, the rigid foam polyurethane system with a fire-resistant surface layer was no different from that before and after the test. No flashover phenomenon occurred in the two systems during the entire process. This is because the polyurethane external wall insulation system without fire protection layer is thin plaster, but because the system has no cavity, and polyurethane is a thermosetting material, when burning Carbonization of the surface may occur, and this may be the cause of no large-area burning compared with the second fire test. The results of the post-test analysis are given in 1.12. The hard foam polyurethane system with a fire-retardant surface is irregular after the test. This is because the surface of the polyurethane after spraying is uneven, resulting in differences in the leveling thickness of the polyphenylene powder particles. According to the result of the shaft furnace test, the fire performance also increases with the increase of the thickness of the protective layer, and therefore the result that the degree of destruction of polyurethane by fire varies due to the difference in the leveling thickness will occur.
3 Conclusions The principle of the 1040 model fire test is that the hard foam polyurethane system with a fire protection surface layer and the rigid foam polyurethane system without a fire protection surface layer meet the requirements. However, in this test, it is not possible to evaluate the fumes and toxic gases released under fire conditions, and the release of toxic and harmful gases by polyurethane during the combustion process is also an important factor that causes harm to the human body.
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