Green fruit production technology

At present, people pay more and more attention to the quality of food safety. The production of green fruits is the development direction of the world fruit, and also the way out for China to join the WTO. Therefore, it is necessary to develop green fruits, and the prospects are broad.

I. Factors affecting fruit production

1. Harmful gases. With the rapid development of industry, mining and transportation, air pollution is increasing. These pollutants can directly damage fruit trees, affect photosynthesis, and accumulate in plants and fruits, which can cause acute and chronic poisoning after consumption.

2. Soil pollution. The impact of soil pollution on plants is very serious. Plants growing in contaminated soil can accumulate harmful substances and harm the human body through the food chain.

(1) Fertilizer. Excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer will produce carcinogenic nitrosamines, which are extremely harmful to the human body. Phosphate fertilizer is the source of harmful metals in the soil. It is high in calcium, magnesium and phosphate. The superphosphate contains a lot of cadmium, arsenic, lead and phosphorus. The ore also contains radioactive elements such as uranium and radium. Chloride ions in potassium oxide can cause soil compaction, which has an adverse effect on the yield and quality of the fruit.

(2) Plastic pollution. Once the old plastic enters the soil, it is difficult to decompose, which will hinder the development of plant roots and the movement of water and fertilizer. In addition, the old plastic will produce some harmful substances and can enter the fruit during the degradation process, which has strong toxicity to people.

Second, measures to produce green fruits

1. Strengthen comprehensive management and enhance the tree. Through rational planting, green manure is added to promote the formation of soil aggregate structure and improve soil structure. Through reasonable pruning, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions, adjust the overall growth of fruit trees, and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases.

Establish a good green fruit base. On the basis of selecting the site without pollution source, in order to protect the soil of the orchard from pollution, the sewage irrigation shall be prohibited. Untreated urban garbage, inferior fertilizer and slag of unknown composition shall not be used as fertilizer, and the agricultural plastic film in the orchard shall be removed in time to promote The orchard is covered with grass or planted with green manure crops.

2. Develop production regulations according to local conditions. According to the characteristics of different tree species and varieties and the natural conditions of the orchard, the combination of advanced technology and local rich experience will standardize the operation of farming. In particular, key technologies such as spraying pesticides, fertilizing and watering must comply with relevant standards.

3. Strengthen the comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases.

1 Emphasis on the application of agricultural measures. Most fruit tree pests overwinter in deciduous, dead branches, bark and weeds. For example, black spot disease, ring disease, leaf miner, etc. wintering in weeds, red spiders, yellow mealworms, etc. in the rough seams or on the fruit table overwintering, so it is important to clean the orchard. The rough skin and the skin of the fruit tree should be scraped carefully, and the plastic cloth should be laid under the tree to concentrate deep or burn. In addition, cut off the diseased branches and dead branches of the fruit trees to minimize the source of the disease.

2 Pay attention to the protection and utilization of natural enemies. Planting honey-source crops and pastures in the orchard can improve the living environment of natural enemies, increase the source of their food sources, increase the population density, and achieve the purpose of controlling pests.

3 Active use of biological pesticides. In recent years, biological pesticides have developed rapidly and have many varieties. Such as agricultural anti-insecticides are avermectin (Haizheng Pesticide, Ai Fuding, harmless, etc.), acaricidin; agricultural anti-bacterial agents such as polyoxymycin, agricultural anti-120; Microbial insecticides such as Beauveria bassiana, pathogenic nematodes, etc.; plant insecticides such as nicotine, insect enemies, etc., have higher control.

Proper use of chemical pesticides. The production of green fruit does not exclude chemical pesticides. The most important thing is to pay attention to the correct selection and alternate use of pesticides. It is strictly forbidden to use high-toxicity and high-residue pesticides (such as methamidophos, monocrotophos, carbofuran, dicofol, thiram, etc.) to limit the use of poisoned pesticides (such as Kung Fu, Desali, Le Siben, etc.) and try to use low toxicity. Low-residue pesticides (such as imidacloprid, Dasheng, sputum, and mancozeb), in addition, the concentration and dosage can not be increased arbitrarily in the use of pesticides, and pesticides can be effectively controlled according to the safe interval of pesticides. Pollution.

4. Rational application of fertilizer. Apply organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer as much as possible. No matter what kind of organic fertilizer is used, it needs to be fermented at high temperature for more than 7 days to remove harmful gases and make it harmless. Rational use of chemical fertilizers should determine the scientific and rational ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium according to the tree species, variety, developmental stage and soil fertility of fruit trees. For formula fertilization, it is necessary to strictly control the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer, especially nitrate nitrogen fertilizer, to prevent contamination of fruits.

Fruit bagging. Fruit bagging is an important measure to produce high-grade fruit and increase the value of fruit.

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