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The tomato adopts multiple fruit setting techniques, once planted, harvested 2-3 times, and the yield can be increased by more than 2 times. The specific technology is as follows:
First, the appropriate seeding
1. Prepare before the broadcast. Take 6 parts of the soil that has not been planted, and add 4 parts of fully decomposed pig manure after sieving. After mixing, add 50% carbendazim 40 g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3 kg, urea 0.2 kg per cubic meter of the soil mixture. . After the nutrient soil is prepared, the nursery bed is laid. The nursery bed is 330 cm long. After paving it, use the foot to step it again. After watering, the film will heat up. The seedbed for seedlings is the same as the seedbed, and the film is warmed after watering.
2. Variety selection. Because the growth period of winter and spring tomato in the solar greenhouse is in the low temperature and low temperature season, the early-maturing varieties such as Jiafen 15 with easy fruit setting, fast fruit development and good commercial traits should be selected.
3. Sowing time. According to years of production experience, the sowing date is suitable from late September to early October, planted in late November, and harvested in mid-February of the following year.
4. Seed treatment. Before planting, select the seeds to dry the seeds for 2 days, then soak them in water at 50-55 ° C for 15-20 minutes. When the water temperature drops to 30 ° C, remove the mucus from the seeds and wash them with water, then put them Soak in warm water of 25-30 °C for 5-6 hours. After soaking, place it in the environment with temperature of 25-28 °C to germination. After 2-3 days, it can germinate. In addition, the seeds can be subjected to low temperature treatment, that is, the seeds to be germinated after soaking are placed in an environment at a temperature of about 0 ° C for 1-2 days, and then slowly heated, thereby promoting seed germination and enhancing the cold resistance of the seedlings.
5. Seeding methods. After the seeds are white, they can be sown. Before planting, spray the surface of the seedbed with a watering can, then sprinkle a thin layer of moist fine soil, sow 5-10 grams of seeds per square meter, and cover 1 cm thick fine soil after sowing. The soil temperature before emergence is maintained at 23-25 ​​° C, and it can be emerged in 4-5 days.
Second, cultivate strong seedlings
Because the seedling period of the winter and spring tomatoes in the solar greenhouse is in the late autumn and early winter seasons, it is very important to manage the seedling stage in order to cultivate the age-appropriate seedlings.
1. Management after emergence of seedlings to seedlings. When 50% of the seedlings were unearthed, the daytime temperature of the seedbed was controlled at 22-25 °C, and the nighttime temperature was controlled at 10-12 °C. After the cotyledons of the seedlings are unfolded, the seedlings should be removed early and the diseased seedlings and weak seedlings should be removed. Before the seedlings are generally not watered, in order to prevent the humidity from causing disease, the relative humidity of the soil is preferably 60-70%. The first true leaves of the seedlings are covered with a small arch shed, and the temperature of the seedbed is appropriately increased. The daytime temperature is controlled at 24-26 °C, and the nighttime temperature is controlled at 12-15 °C. When the seedling grows to 2 leaves and 1 heart, the seedlings can be divided. Note that the seedlings should not be too late.
2, after the seedlings to the management before planting. The seedlings can prevent the seedlings from being crowded and promote the multiple roots of the seedlings. The seedlings should be carried out in the sunny morning, and the seedlings should be planted on the prepared seedling bed. The spacing of the seedlings should be 15 cm. After planting, the seedbed should be poured with water, and then covered with a thin layer of nutrient soil. In order to promote slow seedling, the seedling bed temperature should be properly increased after seedling, the daytime temperature is controlled at 25-28 °C, the nighttime temperature is controlled at 10-18 °C, and the ground temperature is controlled at 18-22 °C. About one week after seedlings, the seedlings begin to take root and the growth point begins to grow. At this time, in order to prevent the seedlings from growing, the temperature of the seedbed can be appropriately lowered. The daytime temperature is controlled at 25-27 °C, the night temperature is controlled at about 10 °C, and the ground temperature is controlled. 18-20 ° C to promote flower bud differentiation.
3. When the seedling age reaches 55-56 days, it can be planted. In order to enhance the stress resistance and cold resistance of the seedlings, increase the survival rate of the colonization and shorten the slow seedling period, the seedlings should be subjected to low temperature refining before planting. After low temperature exercise, the seedlings can withstand low temperatures of around 0 °C for a short time without freezing damage. The refining seedlings are generally carried out 7-10 days before planting, and the daytime temperature is controlled at 20-22 °C. The temperature in the first half of the night is controlled at 8-10 °C, and the temperature gradually decreases to 6-8 °C in the latter half of the night.
Third, reasonable close planting
1. Soil preparation and fertilization. Planting a well before the planting a week ago. When the whole land is used, 12-15 cubic meters of cooked chicken manure, 50 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, 30 kilograms of urea, 20 kilograms of potassium sulfate, and after turning the soil (40 cm deep) after fertilization, then leveling, and then finishing the ground The line spacing is 70 cm, the small line spacing is 50 cm, and the ridge is 15 cm high.
2. Planting time. The planting time of winter and spring tomato is generally in late November, and the temperature of the surface soil (10 cm thick) in the greenhouse should be above 13 °C.
3. Planting density and colonization methods. Generally, about 3,000 plants per acre are planted, and the plant spacing is 26-27 cm. The planting work should be carried out on a sunny morning. When planting, the planting hole should be dug according to the size of the soil and placed in the soil. The surface of the plant is 1 cm lower than the ridge surface. Then the planting water is planted and the mulch is covered after 5-7 days.
Fourth, the management after planting
1. Temperature and light management. In order to promote slow seedling, the greenhouse should be kept warm after planting until the seedlings are slowed down. The temperature control during the daytime is 28-30 °C (the wind should be released when the temperature exceeds 30 °C), and the night temperature is controlled at 15-18 °C. After the slow seedling, the daytime temperature is controlled at 27-28 °C (the wind should be released when it exceeds 28 °C), the temperature is controlled at 15-18 °C in the first half of the night, and the temperature is controlled at 10-12 °C in the middle of the night. Reflective screens can be placed on the back wall of the greenhouse to improve the lighting conditions in the room. After entering the result period, the indoor daytime temperature is controlled at 25-28 °C, the temperature is controlled at 14-18 °C in the first half of the night, and the temperature is controlled at 10-13 °C in the latter half of the night. As the weather warms up, the ventilation should be increased. If the room temperature exceeds 30 °C, it should be released in time. When the outside temperature is as low as 15 °C, it should be ventilated day and night. After the tomato fruit is inflated, the optimum temperature for the coloring period is 24 °C, the daytime temperature is controlled at 24-26 °C, the nighttime temperature is controlled at 15-17 °C, and the ground temperature is controlled above 15 °C, so that the tomato not only has a large expansion speed, but also a coloring speed. fast.
2. Fertilizer management. After planting, the water is poured into the water. Before the first ear is placed, it is no longer topdressed and watered to promote root development and control the plant length. If the soil is too dry, you can pour small water on a sunny morning, and then properly disperse the air after watering. When the first ear is grown to the size of the walnut, the topdressing and watering are started. 20 kg of urea, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate and 10 kg of potassium sulfate are applied to the greenhouse. Topdressing and watering should be carried out on a sunny morning. After watering, the greenhouse will be closed and the air volume will be increased after the temperature rises. When the second ear fruit is inflated, the top dressing is repeated once again, and the amount of topdressing is the same as the first time. After the fruit enters the expansion period, water is poured every 7-10 days, and the amount of water should be uniform. Otherwise, umbilical rot, early blight and late blight may occur.
3, pruning condolences. After the tomato is planted for half a month, the plant can not grow upright when it grows to a certain height, and should be hung with a rope. When the cultivation is carried out, the whole branch is pruned, the tomato is not smashed before flowering, and all the side branches are removed after flowering. It is not too early to snoring, and it is better to remove it when it is 3 cm long.
4, the application of hormones and flowers to protect the fruit. The cultivation of winter and spring tomatoes must be carried out with hormones and flowers. Currently used hormones are 2,4-D and tomato spirit. The suitable concentration of 2,4-D is 10-20 ppm, the concentration should be low when the temperature is high, and the concentration should be high when the temperature is low. When applying, first adjust the concentration of the liquid according to the instructions of 2,4-D, and then add the red advertising color to mark, to avoid repeating the flowers to cause deformities. It is advisable to use the flower that is open on the day, and use a brush to apply a little liquid to the flower handle. It should be wiped with a single piece to prevent the drug droplets from causing phytotoxicity on the young leaves and growth points of the plant. The suitable concentration of tomato spirit is 25-50ppm. After blending, the flower spikes with 3-4 flowers will be dipped in the liquid, and then the small liquid will be used to catch the liquid flowing from the inflorescence. In order to prevent gray mold, 0.2% keering or chlorhexidine can be added when preparing the above liquid.
5. Harvest at the right time. The red color at the top marks the fruit entering the color change period. When 1/2 or 2/3 of the tomatoes are colored, they can be picked and marketed. The abstract was taken on the first night, and it was sealed and stored in an environment of 22-24 ° C. The tomatoes will turn red when they are listed the next day. The first spike of tomato should be picked early, otherwise it will cause premature senescence of the plant.
6, change the head. Before harvesting the third spike of the tomato, the lower old leaves and diseased leaves are knocked out, and two strong lateral branches are selected for cultivation. The position of the selected side branch is determined according to the specific situation. Generally, the upper branching result is early, and the lower branching branch is robust, and one branch is selected depending on the growth of the two side branches. After the third ear fruit is harvested, the trunk is cut off, the side branches are cultivated, and the fruit is kept on the side branches. The lateral branches leave 3-4 ears and fruit, and the pruning method is the same as before. This can be changed twice.
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