How will the new round of social security rates reduce the number of people who will affect you and me?

The Central Economic Work Conference and this year's National Conference proposed to reduce the "five risks and one gold" of enterprises. Recently, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Tianjin and other places announced the reduction of social security rates, causing widespread concern.
How much “cost reduction” will this bring to the company? If the payment is reduced, is the social security treatment of the people affected? In many places, the contradiction between social security payments has been highlighted. How to ensure the safe operation of the social security system while reducing revenue?

Cost reduction: How much is the positive for the company?
Luo Si, financial manager of Rimen (Jiangxi) Building Materials Co., Ltd., has a lot of experience on the human cost of the company: more than 300 employees, paying 160,000 yuan per month for social security, 6,000 yuan for employees, and 4,000 yuan for the company. Five insurance and one gold."
Xu Xiaoqi, social security commissioner of Xiamen Anjing Food Co., Ltd. in Fujian Province, neighboring Fujian Province, felt the progress of the company's burden reduction. He calculated an account: last October, reducing the rate of work-related injury insurance, saving about 246,000 yuan a year; at the beginning of this year, reducing the basic pension insurance rate, saving 435,000 yuan; in March, reducing the medical insurance contribution fee The rate can save 721,000 yuan a year. "Although it is a 'small step,' but the burden for the company has fallen to the point."
On the basis of reducing the rate of work-related injuries and old-age insurance premiums since October last year, Xiamen on March 7 again introduced a number of policy measures to reduce the burden on enterprises, which stipulated that the employer's medical insurance contribution rate decreased by 1%.
This is the epitome of a new round of lower social security rates in recent years. Shanghai, Guangdong, Tianjin, Zhejiang, Fujian, Yunnan, Gansu and other places have successively introduced “reduction of fees” policies, and some places have also initiated the merger and implementation of maternity insurance and basic medical insurance. At present, the "five risks" of employee social security in China include five categories: pension, medical care, work injury, unemployment and birth. "One gold" is the housing provident fund.
Shanghai announced on March 21 that it will adjust the pension, medical and unemployment insurance rates for the unit's contribution, and the total social insurance rate will be lowered from the previous 45.5% to 43%. On the basis of the previous reduction of the pension insurance premium rate, Guangdong also announced the recent reduction of the unit rate of medical insurance and unemployment insurance. Beijing recently announced relevant notices to adjust the work injury insurance rate from a maximum of 2% to a maximum of 1.9%.
This is a substantial move taken by the central government to “cost reduction” for enterprises. Last year, the State Council executive meeting twice requested that the social security rate be reduced, involving unemployment insurance, work-related injury insurance and maternity insurance. Now, the pension and medical insurance reduction rate that accounts for the “big head” of social security contributions is also acting in the local area.
This year's two sessions of the National People's Congress, Premier Li Keqiang said at the press conference that "the five insurances and one gold" generally have room for proper adjustment, and the situation varies from place to place. The social security fund is abundant. Under the framework of the unified national regulations, it can give more autonomy to the localities, allowing them to adjust the deposit ratio of “five insurances and one gold” in stages and appropriately according to local actual conditions.
According to the 2015 welfare survey data conducted by the Zhongzhi Human Capital Research Center for tens of thousands of enterprises, the statutory per capita welfare cost of the company invested in “five insurance and one gold” last year was about 23052 yuan, and the total cost of welfare accounted for about enterprise labor. 23% of the cost. According to data released by the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security at the end of February, the current five-insurance rate of social insurance in China is 39.25%.
In order to reduce the labor cost from the coastal city to the central region, the deputy general manager of Jiangxi Senke Industrial Co., Ltd. Xie Wei found that the labor cost is still not low. "Under the current social security rate, the social security fee for each employee is initially estimated at 900 yuan, accounting for 40% of the employee's salary costs."
How much substantial benefit can this bring to the company? According to Shanghai's calculations, the corporate social insurance premium rate is reduced by 2.5 percentage points. In 2016, the burden on enterprises will be reduced by about 13.5 billion yuan. In Guangdong, it is clear that by the end of this year, the province's enterprises will reduce social insurance premiums (including housing provident fund) by about 35 billion yuan. The Xiamen local taxation department estimates that the pension insurance and medical insurance burden reduction policies will reduce the cost of the city's employers by more than 1.8 billion yuan.
“Enterprises are the main source of the market economy and one of the main sources of income for social insurance funds. Under the current difficulties faced by enterprises, reducing the cost of enterprises by lowering the unit payment rate is one of the important measures to support the development of enterprises. "The deputy mayor of Shanghai, Shi Guanghui said.

Guaranteed treatment: How can the rate of reduction not be reduced?
After the social security burden of enterprises is reduced, whether the social security benefits of employees are affected is another focus of concern.
The reporters conducted interviews in various places with reduced rates, and found that Shanghai, Guangdong, Xiamen and other places all said that the decision to reduce the rate is calculated on the basis of the fund's sustainable calculation, and will not affect the residents' treatment. . In some places, social security rates such as pension insurance have been reduced, and pensions and other benefits have been maintained after the rate has been lowered.
According to the person in charge of the Guangdong Provincial Social Security Fund Administration, by the end of 2015, the balance of the social security fund in Guangdong Province was 959.1 billion yuan, accounting for one-seventh of the country. At present, Guangdong's social security fund is relatively abundant, which is also the basis for the downward adjustment of the rate. It will never be exchanged for the reduction of the rate at the expense of pension.
Zhao Zhuping, director of the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security, said that in the case of pensions, the basic endowment insurance for employees focuses on intergenerational balance. Personally, personal treatment mainly depends on the average social wage of the employee in the previous year when he retire, as well as the average payment wage, the number of years of payment, and the amount of personal account storage. The increase in the post-retirement treatment mainly considers the price increase level and the increase in the average social wage. “The downward adjustment of the unit’s unit contribution rate will not affect the determination of pension benefits and growth factors, and therefore will not affect the insured personnel. The level of personal pension benefits."
The researcher of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences said that the collection and payment of pensions is not actually “completely linked”. It belongs to the two lines of income and expenditure, which means that the reduction of the unit payment is not related to the pension treatment of the residents. Direct contact. The pensions received by residents are determined by a combination of factors. Even if the fund has a certain income reduction each year, it can still be tolerated and will not affect the employees' rights and interests.
Another example is medical insurance. It is reported that the level of treatment of basic medical insurance for employees mainly depends on the personal account credits, the standards for the emergency department, the threshold for payment, and the maximum payment limit. Therefore, even if the basic rate of payment for the basic medical insurance unit of the employee is lowered, the medical insurance benefits of the insured person may still be appropriately improved.
Hu Suyun, a researcher at the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, said that pensions, medical insurance and other treatments have long been clearly defined in the "Social Insurance Law" and other methods of calculation. "Absolutely not less." Judging from the experience of the past years, if the money in the "pool" is not enough, the government will issue it in full through financial subsidies, and it is impossible to send less or not.
Another fact that can be corroborated is that in October 2013, Shanghai had adjusted the pension, medical care, unemployment, etc. of social insurance for urban employees under the premise of ensuring that the social insurance benefits of the insured personnel were not affected and the social security fund was operating normally. The social security rate level, the overall rate is lowered by 2.5 percentage points. Since then, Shanghai has raised the basic pension and unemployment insurance standards for successive years, launched the urban residents' major illness medical insurance, and raised the maximum payment limit for the basic medical insurance pooling fund and the small town medical insurance fund to 390,000 yuan.
In fact, the central government has already given the public a "reassuring". In this year's government work report, Premier Li Keqiang proposed to continue to raise the basic pension standard for retirees. The report said that all localities should earnestly take responsibility and ensure that pensions are paid in full and on time. This means that pensions for corporate retirees will usher in a "12 consecutive gains" this year.
Jin Weigang, director of the Social Security Research Institute of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, said that lowering the social insurance premium rate is intended to reduce costs for enterprises, but it cannot reduce the treatment of insured employees. In the future, with the economic development and changes in the average wages and living costs of employees, various social security benefits will gradually increase.

Risk prevention: How does the social security “bottom line” be firmly built?
At present, the aging of many places has intensified, the rigidity of various social security benefits has increased, and the pressure on social security funds has been relatively high. In this case, will the rate level be lowered, and will it affect the safe operation of social security?
Zhao Zhuping said that further reduction of the social insurance premium rate for employees is strictly measured and carefully studied, and is within the acceptable range of social insurance funds. Whether in the near future or in the long run, after the basic pension, medical care and unemployment insurance for employees further reduce the rate, the security of the fund is still guaranteed.
Statistics show that in 2015, Shanghai's 10 social security funds earned more than 300 billion yuan, spending more than 280 billion yuan, and the balance of income and expenditure in the year was more than 40 billion yuan, with a cumulative balance of more than 300 billion yuan. Zhao Zhuping said that the current income and expenditure of the Shanghai Social Security Fund is good, with certain accumulation and annual balance.
The reporter learned that in 2012, Guangdong entrusted the National Social Security Fund Board to invest in the balance of 100 billion yuan social security fund. The annual rate of return is about 10%, and in 2015 it reached 15.14%. There is no pension payment. Case.
But there are also places where pension operations are facing a severe test. For example, despite the high state subsidies, the pension gap in Heilongjiang Province in 2015 is still expanding from the previous year, and will be more than 20 billion yuan. At present, the dependency ratio of basic old-age insurance for workers in Heilongjiang Province has reached 1.16:1, which means that 1.16 active employees must raise one retired employee. It is difficult to reduce the pension insurance rate by Heilongjiang Province alone.
For example, in the first half of Jiangxi Province, if the endowment insurance excludes one-time income, there are nearly 30 counties (cities, districts) with gaps in the province. Zhang Jianping, director of the Social Security Center Office of Jingdezhen City, said that the pension payment in Jingdezhen City has always had a gap. In January last year and January this year, the payment was made in the province, and the central transfer payment was more than 700 million yuan, otherwise it would be difficult to pay.
"Appropriate reduction of social security rates must be based on ensuring the long-term balance of social security funds. Otherwise, it will be 'sucking down the gourd', and it will not pay for it." Jin Weigang said.
Experts suggest that we further establish and improve the early warning, reserve and value-added mechanisms of social security funds, expand the coverage of employee social security, strengthen the collection of social security fees and fund management, and increase financial and state-owned support for social security funds to enhance the social security fund. Anti-risk ability. Yin Weimin, Minister of Human Resources and Social Security, said that the current urban employee pension insurance and urban and rural residents' pension insurance has covered 850 million people, and there is still about 15% of the space for the coverage of 1 billion people.

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