One of the research reports from the Chinese manufacturing industry

On July 5, at Hudong Zhonghua Shipbuilding (Group) Co., Ltd., a large LNG carrier with a total capacity of 174,000 cubic meters was completed and awaiting delivery. It will travel with the 18 sister ships previously delivered to the world's major gas source and coastal cities in China. Due to its complex equipment and high technical requirements, large LNG carriers are known as the “crown jewel in the shipbuilding industry”. Behind the wind and waves of large-scale LNG carriers made in China, it is the honing and investment of many years. It is a repeated beating of technical indicators and construction plans.

In the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China's manufacturing has undergone a transformation and upgrading. In 1980, China's manufacturing value added accounted for only 1.5% of the global total. In 2017, this proportion rose to 25%. Made in China for the first time in a row for nine consecutive years, it has formed the most complete manufacturing system in the world.

We should also face up to the fact that China's manufacturing industry is still in the middle and low end of the industrial chain and value chain. As Miao Wei, Minister of Industry and Information Technology, said, manufacturing is re-emerging as the focus of global competition. With the new changes in national conditions and world conditions, China's manufacturing industry has already stood at the new historical starting point of “from big to strong”, to consolidate and develop its existing advantages, accelerate the transformation and upgrading, and accelerate the move to the high end of the global value chain. Create new advantages in international competition.

Start from the hardships of nothing

In the Wanxiang Group's exhibition hall, there is a line of beautiful luxury hybrid sports car "Kama", the roof of the solar roof, can charge 1.5 miles after charging all day. It is understood that this car has been delivered in North America.

“Wanxiang manufactures the whole vehicle to ensure that the parts are better. It can be said that there are currently one car for every two vehicles in the world, which will use universal parts.” Wanxiang Group Chairman Lu Wei Ding said.

The development of Wanxiang Group is the epitome of China's manufacturing development in the 40 years of reform and opening up. Because of the reform and opening up, private enterprises and state-owned enterprises have come to the center of the stage. Wanxiang has sprung up everywhere, starting from the low-end processing manufacturing industry. Because of reform and opening up, China has vigorously developed foreign trade, and Wanxiang has been active since 1984. Exports forced themselves to improve the quality of auto parts products; because of the reform and opening up, China's economy as a whole was positive, Wanxiang was able to form a complete vehicle manufacturing industry chain, and continuously achieve the development goal of "strengthen ten years of struggle."

Made in China can be a tough start. In 1978, a Japanese reporter interviewed in Chongqing Steelworks found that the machinery used in the 300,000-tonne raw steel plant was all before the 1950s, and there was still a British manufacturing more than 140 years ago. Steam rolling mill.

In the 40 years of reform and opening up, China's manufacturing has also constantly added "zero" to itself. In 1978, China’s economic aggregate was one-third of that of Japan; today China is the second largest economy in the world. In 1980, China's manufacturing added value accounted for only 1.5% of the global total; in 2017 this proportion rose to 25%, roughly equivalent to the sum of the three countries. In 1984, China issued the "National Economic Industry Classification and Code" for the first time. In the industrial industry, there are only 13 major industries such as chemical, machinery, food, and textile. Today, China's manufacturing industry covers the manufacturing industry in the international standard industry. The 24 industry groups, 71 industries and 137 sub-sectors involved have become the most complete countries in the global manufacturing system.

Optimized adjustment from easy to difficult

When interviewing Ningbo Geely Automobile R&D Center in Hangzhou Bay, the new energy parts test room, electronic and electrical laboratory, material laboratory, and emission test room all walked along, making the reporters dizzying.

When the reporter walked into the semi-anechoic room of the engine, he suddenly felt the world quiet. Yang Xueliang, vice president of Geely Group, said, "The noise in this room is only 17 decibels. The engine can be heard with a little sound. We have to pass various tests to keep the noise of the Geely engine within 36 decibels and reach the international advanced level."

After 1980, the reform and opening up, through the attraction of foreign investment, enabled the Chinese auto industry to open up a path of life under the predicament of extremely scarce capital and technology, and also allowed Chinese manufacturers to see a new direction. Around 1997, there were more than 8 private enterprises in Zhejiang and Jiangsu that proposed the strategy of building a car, which was inseparable from the background of the era of reform and opening up.

From 1992 to 1998, the production capacity of China's manufacturing was rapidly improved. The manufacturing industry that meets the needs of ordinary people to eat and wear has been able to meet basic consumer demand, with the food, clothing and home appliance industries developing most prominently. In 1998, China proposed that manufacturing enterprises should be transformed and upgraded, and that automobiles become a new consumer demand, and thus become an industry that needs to be developed. As a result, China's manufacturing industry began to transform from light industry, mainly clothing, beverages and home appliances, to heavy industry.

From here, we can see the clear veins of China's manufacturing development. In the early days of reform and opening up, China took advantage of the cost advantage of resources such as labor, land, raw materials, etc., and actively took over the global manufacturing transfer, starting from the initial low-end processing and manufacturing, and winning at low prices. After 20 years of reform and opening up, China Manufacturing has accelerated its transformation and upgrading, and has begun to pursue brand and quality, moving towards areas with higher technical and financial requirements.

Statistics show that in the past 40 years of reform and opening up, the output of major manufacturing products representing consumption upgrades has grown rapidly. From 1978 to 2016, the output of automobiles and integrated circuits increased by 188.1 times and 4429 times respectively. At the same time, China's manufacturing is dominated by labor-intensive industries and capital- and technology-intensive industries. In 2017, the proportion of China's machinery industry continued to increase. The fastest-growing industries were electronics, instrumentation, automobiles, medicine, special equipment, general equipment, and electrical machinery.

The road to the future from big to strong

Since the reform and opening up, China's manufacturing industry has developed a complete and independent and complete manufacturing system after decades of continuous rapid development. The scale has leapt to the top in the world, and its innovation capability has been continuously enhanced. It has supported China's realization of a poor and backward agricultural country. To the transformation of economic powers with global influence," said Miao Wei.

The rise of the new industrial revolution has brought about a revolution in the global manufacturing development model. China's manufacturing is in a new critical period and faces new development opportunities. The new generation of information technology and manufacturing industry deep integration, sharing economy, collaborative manufacturing, intelligent networked vehicles, virtual reality and other new business models, new products, new industries emerge one after another. Intelligent manufacturing runs through all aspects of design, production, management, and service, and profoundly affects the production organization and development model, and becomes a major trend in manufacturing development.

The reporter's research and interviews all the way saw that attaching importance to R&D investment and mastering innovative technologies has become the consensus of manufacturing companies. Shen Ziyu, deputy dean of Geely Automobile Research Institute, recalled that in 2010, Geely bought Volvo for US$1.8 billion. The funds have been very tight for several years, but the R&D investment of enterprises has always accounted for more than 10% of the market sales.

In the 40 years of reform and opening up, China’s investment in innovation has continuously increased. In 1978, China's R&D expenditure was 5.289 billion yuan; in 2017 it rose to 1.75 trillion yuan, ranking second in the world, accounting for 2.12% of GDP, and R&D expenditure intensity reached the level of moderately developed countries. Driven by this, the innovation capabilities of Chinese manufacturing companies have continued to increase, innovations have emerged, and major technological breakthroughs have been made in large aircraft, quantum communications, and offshore engineering equipment.

We also clearly see that there are still some long-term and structural problems in the development of China's manufacturing industry that need to be resolved. In the course of 40 years of development, the strategy of “market-for-technology” has certainly promoted the improvement of technology, but some industries have not achieved the expected results. China's independent innovation, especially the original innovation capability, is still not strong, and the efficiency of scientific and technological achievements is not high. The proportion of basic research expenditures to research and development expenditure is only 4% to 5%, far lower than the average level of about 20% in developed countries. At the same time, the supply-side structural contradictions in the manufacturing sector have become increasingly prominent. Low-end overcapacity and high-end products rely on imports to coexist, unable to meet the needs of consumption upgrading; factor cost prices continue to rise, institutional transaction costs are high, and corporate production and operation pressures are increasing.

Face the reality and be clear about the goal. It has been 40 years of reform and opening up, and the global economy has long been a community of interconnectedness. China's manufacturing needs to use the global market and resources, open to the internal and external synchronization, accelerate transformation and upgrading, innovation and development, improve quality and efficiency, and climb from the low-end to the high-end of the value chain to achieve a fundamental transformation from large to strong. Development is the last word, and we are full of confidence in the future of China's manufacturing industry.

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