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1. Overhaul management
The PV power plant shall consider the overhaul mode selected based on the number of plant configuration personnel and the skill level. The major overhaul modes are divided into three modes: autonomous maintenance, commissioned maintenance and partial commissioned maintenance. The overhaul management mainly includes overhaul preparation (overhaul organization organization is determined, daily Defects to overhaul carding, overhaul and re-assessment project combing, major reorganization project combing, overhaul project determination, overhaul standard man-hour management, preparation overhaul main line plan, auxiliary work preparation, overhaul spare parts, tools, consumables preparation, overhaul documentation preparation, overhaul outage plan , Overhaul blackout applications, Important project drills, Overhaul process control program, Overhaul safety quality supervision and management plan, Overhaul personnel qualification management, Overhaul contractor management plan, Overhaul assessment plan, Overhaul cost estimation, Overhaul contract sign, Overhaul information system and communication channels Tests, etc.), overhauls (overhaul process control, overhaul interface management, overhaul safety quality supervision and management, overhaul contractor management, overhaul plan adjustment and optimization, overhaul information management, overhaul assessment management, etc.), overhaul experience Feedforward, overhaul document management, contingency plans overhaul after overhaul evaluation.
2. Contractor Management
The number of PV power plant operation and maintenance personnel is limited. The overhaul work mainly relies on outside contractors. The management of the contractor is an essential part of the operation of the photovoltaic power plant. The contractor must pass basic safety authorization training before entering the site, and can enter the field work after obtaining authorization. On-site work requires the implementation of power station work process management, prohibits on-site no ticket operations, power station operation and maintenance personnel need to strengthen on-site personnel control of the contracting unit to prevent safety accidents; contractor management mainly includes personnel qualification management, authorization management, on-site operation safety management, Work process management, contractor experience feedback management, contractor assessment and incentive methods, contractor management system construction, contractor evaluation system construction, etc.
3. Important facilities management
Important facilities refer to the equipment that has a major impact on the safety, function, and economy of the power station after the failure of the power station. Important facilities need to be identified and judged. Graded management of important facilities of the power station, implementation of the responsible person system, and strengthened supervision and management of the power station can significantly improve the power station. Overall operating level. The major facilities management work mainly includes: important facilities classification, responsible person system, key point control, parameter control, condition monitoring management, spare parts maintenance management, defect tracking, maintenance strategy formulation and optimization, and assessment management.
4. Technical renovation management
The main principle for the identification of technological transformation projects is the project that requires national mandatory standards, affects safety, improves economic efficiency, and prolongs the service life of equipment. Technological transformation is divided into three categories: technical upgrading of security, technological transformation of production and technological upgrading of operations; technological upgrading of production: according to the requirements of national and industry-related standards, or related requirements of group companies, power grid dispatching agencies, and power station equipment Renewal, transformation and upgrading of projects; management of technological transformation: to improve the power plant's power generation capacity, power generation efficiency, improve or enhance the economic benefits of the power plant equipment upgrades, transformation and upgrading projects. The technical renovation work mainly includes: preparatory work for technological transformation (technical reform applications, program development, economic evaluation, etc.), expert demonstration of technical reform programs, signing of technological transformation technology agreements, signing of technological transformation contracts, implementation of technological transformation, and management of technical reform files, Design and construction management, post-technological evaluation, etc.
5. Alternative management
PV power plant equipment or components need to use other brands because the supplier fails, the cooperation is terminated, the original equipment or components are no longer replaced by production, design changes, or technological changes. Or other types of equipment to replace, in order to meet the normal operation of the equipment or system, in which case the need for replacement of items. The content of alternative work includes item substitution application, technical program formulation, item replacement equivalent argument management, item substitution effect tracking and evaluation, and item substitution document change management.
6. Fault diagnosis and response
For regional management or distributed photovoltaic power plants, power station inspectors need to quickly isolate and dispose of the equipment to ensure that the equipment is in a safe state when major faults are discovered. This will have a significant impact on the power generation target and power grid safety of the power station. The Rapid Response Team assesses and analyzes major technical issues and quickly formulates action plans to properly eliminate deficiencies.
7. Research on equipment status monitoring and aging in power plant life cycle
The monitoring and aging of the plant life cycle equipment status is to effectively prevent and resolve problems such as unplanned downtime, load shedding, and equipment failure caused by the equipment aging during the design life of the plant, ensuring that the service period is greater than or equal to the design life cycle of the plant. Work done. Aging life cycle management includes three basic steps: 1) Select ageing management safety related parts of the power station, parts that are closely related to the availability and life span of the important equipment of the power station, parts that need attention in life management, and perform aging and remaining life assessment; 2 ) Analyze the aging mechanism of the equipment and determine the ageing management strategy. 3) Manage the aging of the equipment through on-line supervision and periodical tests, and limit the aging degradation to the allowable level. Life cycle aging management includes: plant status monitoring, historical data analysis, aging analysis, aging research model, material aging management, elimination equipment management, aging renovation economic evaluation, establishment of aging supervision database, aging of important equipment components Monitoring and analysis, etc.
8. Analysis of weather data
In the design of photovoltaic power plants, the main reasons for affecting power generation are: solar irradiance 3%, temperature and environment 2%, array shielding 4%, MPPT tracking 2%, DC line loss 0.7%, AC loss 1%, inverter 3% conversion efficiency, 4% mismatch in clusters, 4% pollution, etc. Factors such as light, temperature, shading, and contamination are mainly related to meteorological conditions. It can be seen that the analysis of meteorological data is of great significance to photovoltaic power plants. The meteorological data analysis mainly includes: the management of meteorological instruments, meteorological data collection and collection management, historical data comparison analysis, meteorological environment prediction, meteorological and power plant efficiency relationship analysis, external assessment, meteorological database modeling, meteorological computer application program management, Document management and so on.
Figure 2 Analysis of photovoltaic power generation efficiency
9. Energy efficiency analysis of power stations
Combine the power generation efficiency analysis results of the power plant to analyze the energy efficiency of the power station. The energy efficiency analysis comprehensively evaluates the operation status and management level of the power station. The analysis must ensure that the original data is objective, accurate, and convenient for statistics. It mainly contains nine key indicators: the power station capacity factor (comprehensive efficiency) , Equivalent Utilization Hours, Unplanned Energy Loss Rate, Equipment Failure Loss Rate, Major Equipment Unavailability Rate, 8,500-hour Unplanned Off-grid Departures, Electricity Consumption Cost, Industrial Safety Accident Rate, and Power Loss Loss Rate.
The power plant capacity factor characterizes the overall situation of the power plant operation in the statistical period. It is the ratio of on-grid power to theoretical power generation; the equivalent utilization hours represent the energy conversion effect under lighting conditions during the statistical period, and comprehensively measures the power plant operation and maintenance level and power marketing capabilities. It is the number of generation hours converted to the total installed capacity of the station at full load. It is also called the equivalent full-load hour; the unplanned energy loss rate characterization is not limited to the planned power grid, but is due to other non-planned The degree of energy loss caused by internal activities or other uncertainties.
Objectively reflect the management level of the power station, the effectiveness of program execution and the stability of external factors. It is the ratio of non-planned power loss to theoretical power generation; the rate of equipment failure loss indicates the level of power plant operation and maintenance, mainly reflecting the installation quality of power station equipment. , Inspection quality, maintenance response speed and maintenance quality and other factors, it is the ratio of the amount of power generated by the loss of the equipment during the period of equipment failure to the use of the equipment and the power generation of each branch of the system.
The rate of critical equipment unavailability indicates the monitoring and response status of important sensitive equipment in the power plant. It is the ratio of the sum of the historical maximum loss of energy after the classification of important equipment and the amount of power that should be generated within the failure-free period after classification and statistics; 8500 hours of unplanned off-grid Characterize the stability of the connection between the power station and the power grid, and reflect the operation and maintenance level of the power plant equipment and the level of personnel management. Clarify that: 8500 hours is the entire year of the power station's fault-free operation time (including night time). The formula is: the power station operates without failure for the whole year Time (8500 hours) = Annual power generation time (24 hours x 365 days) - Scheduled stopover maintenance time (10.83 days x 24 hours); The cost of electricity is used to measure the level of power plant investment and cost control, which is once per Internet access. The cost of electricity; the industrial safety accident rate is a measure of the level of industrial safety management of power plant equipment and personnel. It is the total time during the work period that results in “all effective employees (long-term employees and short-term employees) working temporarily at the power station from leaving their jobs or restricting work for one day. The total number of accidents that occurred on or more than one day (excluding the day of the accident) or death; Rate is reflected in plans due to external causes power rationing situation.
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