Roof waterproofing for residential projects

The waterproofing of roofs for residential projects. Song Guobao (Hulin Jinyuan Construction Engineering Co., Ltd.) has always been using paper-grade petroleum asphalt tar felt as the main waterproof material. However, since the 1980s, a variety of new types of waterproof materials have developed rapidly. China has established a variety of new types of waterproof material production methods through self-development or introduction of technologies, among which the performance of some materials has reached or approached the international advanced level. However, due to the different climate conditions and economic development conditions in different regions of China, there are considerable differences in the promotion of new technologies for waterproofing projects, and the level of construction teams is also high or low. Therefore, it takes a time course to completely solve the roof leakage.

In the early 1990s, the Ministry of Construction of China conducted a random sampling survey of the leakage of residential construction projects in nearly 100 large and medium-sized cities nationwide. A total of 2,072 house buildings were sampled, with a building area of ​​7.977 million m2, and the roof leakage was found. There are 725 buildings accounting for 35% of the total number of sampling. In the large and medium-sized cities at the time of the survey, 20 samples were sampled, of which only one city did not leak. However, there are as many as 14 cities where there are leaks of varying degrees in all the projects that have been sampled. In the investigation and discovery of leaks, the highest leakage rate was achieved by the use of waterproof coating (44.3% of the total number of waterproofing projects); second, rigid waterproofing and coiled waterproofing, and the leakage rate was 38.7%. And 31.4%, leading to roof leakage is mainly due to material accounting for 20% 22%, design, 18% 26%, construction 45% 48, management and maintenance from this point of view, many factors causing roof leakage The proportion of water-repellent construction and material selection is relatively large, which requires us to not only regulate the construction according to the requirements of the Technical Code for Roof Engineering (GB50207-94), but also vigorously promote the active adoption of new waterproof technologies. New materials, new processes.

1 Basic requirements for waterproofing roofs 1.1 Waterproofing levels and fortification requirements for roofing The roofing works should be divided into four levels according to the nature of the building, its engineering characteristics, importance, functional requirements, regional natural conditions, and the durability of the waterproof layer. , And according to the design requirements of the roof waterproof grade, the roof waterproof construction, the roof waterproof grade and fortification requirements are technical guidelines for waterproof design and construction personnel.

1.2 Requirements for roofing waterproof base The drainage slope of the flat roof is 2% 3%. When the slope is 2%, the material should be used to find the slope; when the slope is 3%, the structure should be used to find the slope. The longitudinal slope of the gutters and gutters should not be less than 1%, and the bottom ditch should not exceed 200mm. The slope of the water around the diameter of 500mm should not be less than 5%, the diameter of water drop pipe should not be less than 75mm, and the diameter of a downfall pipe should be the largest The catchment area should be less than 200m2. 1.3 Technical preparation before roofing construction Before construction of the roofing project, the construction unit should organize technical management personnel to review the roofing engineering drawings, master the detailed structure and relevant technical requirements in the construction drawing and compile it according to the actual situation of the project. Roof construction plans or technical measures.

1.4 Requirements for Construction Workers and Construction Procedures Waterproofing of roofing projects must be carried out by waterproof professional teams or waterproof workers. It is forbidden for units that do not have qualification certificates and non-waterproof professional teams or non-waterproof workers to perform waterproof construction of roofing projects. Construction procedures and levels are used for quality inspection. Only the next step and level of work can be performed after passing the inspection.

1.5 Quality Requirements for Materials for Roofing Projects Waterproof materials used in roofing projects shall have material quality certification documents and be certified by the designated quality inspection department to ensure that their quality conforms to the Technical Specifications for Roof Engineering (GB50207-94) or relevant national standards. The request. After the material enters the construction site, the construction unit shall sample and re-examine according to the regulations. After re-inspection, the re-inspection test report shall be submitted for application in the waterproofing project. It is forbidden to use unqualified waterproof material in the project.

2 Waterproof material Waterproof membrane is the leading product in building materials accounting for about 80% of total waterproof material. It includes three series of asphalt waterproof membrane, polymer modified asphalt waterproof membrane and synthetic polymer waterproof membrane. The product coils are suitable for roof waterproofing of industrial and civil construction projects with waterproof grades 1-4. The main products are: asphalt waterproof roll felt, SBS, APP Chinese bituminous waterproofing membrane, EPDM rubber waterproofing membrane, chlorination Polyethylene-rubber waterproof membrane.

Waterproof coating has the characteristics of complex shape, variable cross-section and more facilities roofing, easy construction and can form a continuous, elastic, seamless, integral waterproof layer. The main representative products: 1, solvent-modified polymer modified asphalt waterproof coating; 2, polyurethane waterproof coating.

3 Waterproof design and detailed structure of roof engineering 1) In strict accordance with the existing technical standards and environmental conditions to ensure the durability of roof waterproofing, such as tropical and subtropical regions, the highest temperature is higher, and the lowest temperature is above 0*C, so Should be selected higher heat resistance; 90 * C above, and the flexibility is also higher APP modified bituminous waterproof material, etc.; and in cold regions and low temperatures, the minimum temperature of up to -38C, so choose SBS modified bituminous waterproof materials and synthetic polymer waterproof materials with a flexible temperature below -20C. For roofs subject to vibration and deformation, polyester modified asphalt waterproofing rolls with high tensile strength and high elongation should be used. Material or synthetic polymer waterproofing membrane.

2) The multi-channel fortification, composite waterproofing and anti-displacement combination and comprehensive management should be adopted.

On the one hand, it means that when the waterproofing level of the roof is multi-passage 1, 1 and 11 levels, multi-coiled membranes or coiled membranes and rigid waterproof composite membranes should be used, and the aging resistance, puncture resistance, and tensile strength should be high. The waterproof material is placed on the surface of the waterproof layer; on the other hand, it refers to weak parts where the waterproof layer of the roofing waterproof grade I is fortified, which is easily leaked around the roots of the pipe, the cup around the water drop cup, and the overflow node, and the coil head. Sealing materials such as waterproof coatings or coils shall be used to form multiple reinforcing layers for local reinforcements. This multi-channel fortification and composite waterproofing method can fully play the role of each waterproof layer is independent, but also rely on each other, and avoid weaknesses, in order to achieve the improvement of waterproof engineering quality and extend the life of the waterproof layer.

3.2.2 Anti-displacement combination, ie, prevention is the main method, and row is supplemented. This is an important principle of waterproofing design for roofing projects. Waterproof design of roofing works If the slope is not enough, the location of the water fall-out is improper and the number is not enough. Too small, as well as the width of the gutters and sewers are insufficient, which can cause poor drainage, and can easily cause localized water accumulation on the roof. For a long time, the waterproof layer is under the influence of dryness, humidity and freezing and thawing, and will inevitably cause damage to the waterproof layer. The area of ​​the house is water, causing the wall to leak.

Therefore, the roof waterproofing design for residential projects should also follow the principle of “combination of multiple defenses, composite waterproofing, and anti-displacement” and adopt a comprehensive approach. How to thoroughly solve the leakage problem of waterproofing for residential projects, not only requires us to implement the "Technical Specifications for Roof Engineering" seriously, but also the quality of good waterproof materials. The most important thing is to continuously improve the construction level and management level.

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