Soil testing and formula fertilization is system engineering

Soil testing and formula fertilization is the development direction of scientific fertilization. The state attaches great importance to it and has invested a lot of human and financial resources. Now the relevant basic principles are answered here.

Basis for soil testing and formula fertilization

The mineral nutrients required for crops are mainly derived from soil and fertilizer. Rational fertilization is to properly supplement and regulate soil nutrients to ensure the high quality and high yield of crops and the sustainable use of soil resources. To do this, you must understand how much nutrients are needed for the crop and how much nutrients the soil can supply. However, soil and crops can't talk. It can only be scientifically quantified based on production experience and intuitive analysis. Therefore, it is necessary to use scientific methods such as soil nutrient test and field test. “Soil-measuring formula fertilization” is the world-recognized scientific fertilization method. Based on soil testing and fertilizer field trials, this method determines nitrogen based on the rational application of organic fertilizer based on crop fertilizer characteristics and soil fertility. The rational application rate of fertilizers such as phosphorus, potassium and medium and trace elements, fertilization period and fertilization method, suggesting scientific fertilization or fertilization formula.

The core of soil testing and fertilization technology is to regulate and solve the contradiction between crop fertilizer and soil fertilization. What is needed for crops, and how much is needed. This can not only meet the needs of crops for various nutrients, but also avoid the luxury absorption of nutrients and reduce the residual nutrients in the soil, thus achieving the comprehensive benefits of high-quality, high-yield, high-efficiency and environmentally friendly fertilizers.

Contents of soil testing and formula fertilization

Soil testing and formula fertilization is a systematic project. The main procedures are: through field trials and soil testing, farmer or farm production files and related background information, to provide scientific basis or reference for the establishment of fertilization programs, and finally with the help of experts, Provide targeted fertilization advice for users. The specific work mainly includes two aspects of research and practical application of soil testing and fertilization technology. The former is mainly completed by scientific research units and institutions of higher learning; the latter is mainly based on grassroots agricultural science and technology personnel and agrochemical service personnel, and is composed of institutions of higher learning and scientific research institutions. The agricultural technology promotion unit and other farmers cooperated and completed together.

The main role or task of agrochemical service personnel or agricultural technology extension personnel is to understand the basic working procedures of soil testing and fertilization, and to participate in some aspects, such as educating farmers about the significance of soil fertilization, and farmers and researchers. Collaborate, take representative soil samples, do field trials and carefully implement soil testing and fertilization recommendations.

Collection of soil samples

Fertilizer effects and biological test results are affected by a variety of complex factors, and it is quite difficult to obtain representative samples. Taking the soil as an example, taking a mixed sample of 0-20 cm soil layer from 10 mu of land is equivalent to taking about 1 kg of soil sample from the soil of 1.5 million kg of ploughed soil in 10 mu of land, and taking it out from the measurement. Dozens of grams, a few grams, or even less than 1 gram. It is concluded that it is more difficult to take representative samples from a wider range of plots, so improving the representativeness of soil samples is the key to soil testing.

The suitable sampling area, sample size, sample distribution, sampling depth, sampling time and sampling method of the soil sample are obtained by the majority of scientists through long-term research and practice, and must be done strictly according to requirements. Since China's agricultural production is mostly decentralized operation, the farmer's field is small, and the large-scale soil borrowing should also fully consider the orientation of the farmer's field and its comprehensiveness in soil fertility, crop planting and management. Representative.

Different crops have different requirements for sampling methods, and they must be done strictly according to requirements. Be sure to take the soil before fertilizing. The soil can be sampled with soil shovel or soil drill. The deep soil must be soil drilled. The sampling points should be evenly arranged within the sampling range. The depth of sampling and the boundary of the layer should be clear, the thickness of the soil should be consistent, and the soil in different soil layers should not be mixed. When the soil is taken more, the soil sample can be flattened on a thick plastic cloth or kraft paper, and left by the quartering method. The amount of soil taken from each multi-point mixture is approximately 1 kg.

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