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Gasoline engines generally inject gasoline into the intake pipe and mix it with air to become a combustible mixture and then enter the cylinder, and the spark plug ignites and burns to work. It is often referred to as a sparking engine. The diesel engine generally injects diesel fuel directly into the engine cylinder through the fuel injection pump and the fuel injection nozzle, and uniformly mixes the compressed air in the cylinder, and spontaneously ignites under high temperature and high pressure to push the piston to work. This type of engine is often referred to as a compression ignition engine.
Gasoline engine cars have high speed (the speed of gasoline engines for cars can be as high as 5000-6000 rpm, and the gasoline engines for trucks can reach 4000 rpm). The quality is light, the noise is small during operation, the starting is easy, and the manufacturing and maintenance costs are low. It is widely used in cars and small and medium-sized trucks and military off-road vehicles. The downside is that fuel consumption is high and fuel economy is poor. Due to the high compression ratio, the diesel engine has an average fuel consumption of about 30% lower than that of the gasoline engine, so the fuel economy is better. For example, the recently marketed TDI1. 7-liter diesel sedan can save 2 liters of oil per 100 kilometers compared to a 1.6-liter gasoline sedan. Most trucks generally use diesel engines. The weakness of the diesel engine is that the rotation speed is lower than that of the gasoline engine (the general maximum speed is about 2500-3000 rev / min), the quality is high, and the manufacturing and maintenance costs are high (because the injection pump and the injector have high processing precision). However, these weaknesses of diesel engines are gradually being overcome, and its application range is expanding to medium and light trucks. Foreign diesel cars have also developed rapidly, with a maximum speed of 5,000 rpm.
Generally, diesel engines are 30% more efficient than gasoline engines, so the promotion and use of diesel engine cars is of great significance in terms of energy conservation and fuel cost reduction. Compared with gasoline engines, diesel engines have the characteristics of high power, long life and good dynamic performance. The greenhouse effect of emissions is 45% lower than that of gasoline, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions are also low, and nitrogen oxides are used during the service life of the whole vehicle. The emissions are slightly larger than the gasoline engine. The downside of diesel engines is the high emissions of harmful particulate matter. In recent years, diesel engines have adopted advanced technologies such as turbocharging, intercooling, direct injection, exhaust catalytic conversion and particle traps. The emissions of diesel engine vehicles have reached Euro III and Euro IV emission standards. In Europe, diesel cars are more popular. With the strict requirements of environmental protection and energy-saving sustainable development, cars, especially diesel cars, will be a development trend in the future. At present, China FAW Volkswagen has developed Jetta and Bora diesel cars, and has been listed in some cities in China.
The ability of a car to perform unit transportation work with minimum fuel consumption under certain conditions of use is called the fuel economy of the car. Automotive fuel economy is one of the main performance properties of automobiles. In general, the cost of fuel consumption accounts for about 37% of the cost of running a car. The main factors affecting the fuel economy of automobiles are: From the car itself, we must first improve the thermal efficiency, intake efficiency and friction loss of the engine. Secondly, we must reduce the weight of the car body, reduce the air resistance, and reduce the rolling resistance of the wheel. Third, improve transmission efficiency and reasonably match the gear ratio. In terms of use, different grades of roads run differently. Traffic congestion and severe traffic jams are completely different from the fuel consumption of smooth traffic. Wind, rain, and climate change have an impact on the fuel consumption of automobiles. The driver's skill also plays an important role in fuel consumption. There are many factors affecting the economics of automotive fuel oil, the most important of which is the automobile engine itself.
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