Wireless transmission equipment maintenance guide

With the advent of the information age, the communication industry has widely used advanced digital and intelligent transmission equipment, and the network coverage has expanded to attract a large number of customers. Therefore, as a maintenance worker, it is especially important to strengthen the troubleshooting and maintenance of transmission equipment important.

1 Characteristics of optical transmission equipment

1.1 Fast technology update

Under the influence of computers, optoelectronics, microelectronics and other technologies, the technology update speed of the communications industry has further accelerated. Both wireless communication technology and wired communication technology are gradually developing towards the next generation communication network. With the upgrade of communication technology, the basic transmission network has been effectively updated and upgraded, and strict functional requirements have been imposed on the optical transmission equipment. The development, upgrade, and application of high-speed optical transmission equipment or long-distance optical transmission equipment require the support of advanced optical transmission equipment technology and modern products. Therefore, through continuous upgrading and updating, communication technology helps to promote the rapid development of optical transmission equipment.

1.2 Global industry transfer

With the continuous expansion of China's market demand, the complete optimization of the industrial chain, and the emergence of a large number of high-quality talents, the development of optical transmission equipment has a strong condition to support. In order to effectively utilize the advantages of globalization, the manufacturers of optical transmission equipment in Western countries have now developed to the domestic market, which guarantees the continuous and stable development of optical transmission equipment in China.

2 Faults in optical transmission equipment

Optical fiber communication system is mainly composed of computer, electro-optic converter, photoelectric converter, optical cable and other parts. Among them, the computer output is an electrical signal, but the optical signal is output on the optical fiber, so the photoelectric conversion equipment should be installed in the computer terminal system to ensure that various signals can be converted in time. The main function of the electro-optic converter is to convert electrical signals into optical signals, and the photoelectric converter is to convert optical signals into electrical signals. The optical fiber is mainly based on the simplex communication mode. To achieve full-duplex communication between the two terminal systems, two optical fibers are indispensable.

2.1 Optical transmitter failure

Specifically, the optical transmission equipment lacks authentic electro-optic transmission, which causes optical signal transmission distortion and serious signal loss. Because the temperature change and other factors determine the characteristics of the electro-optical output, when the light intensity or bias current has a certain change, then the operating range of the electro-optical output curve will be directly changed, whether it is moved up or down, it will reduce the light output The authenticity of the receiver ’s output signal is affected to varying degrees? interference.

2.2 Optical splitter failure

The main task of the splitter is to scientifically configure the signal of the optical transmitter. As long as the port of the splitter has not been moved, practically no failure problems will occur, and if there is a move, the splitter port will not be able to perform good contact coupling Otherwise, the pigtail head is covered with dirt, which not only reduces the optical power, but also hinders the increase of the received power. For these problems, make sure that the ports are in good contact and clean the pigtail head regularly for dirt.

2.3 Optical receiver failure

The receiver has decentralized characteristics, and the operating environment is not as good as that of the front-end computer room. There are also various types of faults, which are specifically reflected in the power supply and pigtail connector parts. If the optical node lacks the matching voltage-stabilizing equipment or the power supply voltage is too high, it will cause abnormal operation of the receiver or damage to the power supply, which requires timely ventilation and heat dissipation. After the plug is plugged with dirt, it will directly reduce the input optical power and output level, which will eventually lead to a reduction in the level of all optical nodes, resulting in an abnormal signal-to-noise ratio, which cannot obtain the ideal viewing quality. Therefore, the connector must be firmly in contact, and the dirt on the pigtail should be cleaned.

3 Transmission equipment repair and maintenance countermeasures

Optical transmission equipment is mainly equipment that converts various signals into optical signals for transmission on optical fibers, so modern optical transmission equipment uses optical fibers. At present, common optical transmission equipment includes: optical transceivers, optical fiber transceivers, optical switches, optical modems, and many other types. Under normal circumstances, the transmission distance of optical transmission equipment is relatively long, which can effectively prevent signal loss, the waveform is highly authentic, and can be used in various areas. Therefore, optical transmission equipment has gradually replaced traditional equipment and has been widely welcomed by people.

3.1 Equipment maintenance

1) Repair the system level and the whole machine. Identify and analyze the existing faults and causes on the basis of the optical transmission system. If the system is interrupted, the phenomenon and necessary operations should be adopted in time to find out the link or equipment that caused the system interruption, so as to initially establish specific faults. For example, when a carrier circuit is interrupted, it should be analyzed whether it is caused by a high-frequency channel problem or an abnormal carrier; if it is a high-frequency channel problem, it should be accurately established whether it is due to a high-frequency cable, integrated filter or other problems If the carrier is abnormal, it should be accurately established whether it is caused by problems such as the local machine or the opposite machine.

When establishing the specific cause of the fault, the corresponding instrument shall be used for measurement. The measurement basis is: whether there is abnormality in the signal level in the transmission path, deviation in frequency, and whether the waveform is correct. In the actual work process, the system composition, working principle, and processing flow of each link function in the equipment should be comprehensively understood and mastered. Only in this way can the judgment be guaranteed.

2) Memory maintenance on board level and component level. After completing the above analysis and judgment, the specific equipment that caused the failure is established, and then enter the second-level maintenance, which is to perform board-level and component-level maintenance. In fact, there is no obvious boundary between the first-level maintenance and the second-level maintenance. The second-level maintenance is to work on the basis of the first-level maintenance, that is, to further clarify the fault board and faulty components of the equipment that caused the fault. If the failure point is concentrated on a certain device, relevant tests should be carried out on that device. According to the flow direction of the signal in the device, the test will be followed step by step, the specific interruption point will be specified, and the corresponding fault disk will be obtained. When the signal flows into a disk, generally speaking, the signal flowing into the disk is processed to output a fixed value or a range of values. If the disk is tested and found to have a large difference between the output and the nominal value, then the This can determine that there is a problem with the disk. After the fault disk is obtained, the specific faulty components are identified. Use a multimeter to measure whether the operating voltage and current of the components are normal. After power is off, measure the resistance value of the components, whether there is a short circuit problem, or obtain the place that caused the breakpoint in time according to the signal process, which varies according to the actual situation.

In the process of repairing board level and component level, the operation principle of specific equipment, the circuit principle of all circuit units and the function of components should be fully grasped, and the signal characteristics of each part should be determined scientifically and reasonably.

3.2 Maintenance measures for transmission equipment

In the process of maintenance and overhaul, we must fully understand the composition of the equipment system, operation principle, signal flow and other contents. At the same time, the following types of issues should be fully considered when performing related maintenance.

1) Create an environment that is conducive to the effective operation of the equipment; specifically covering the power supply of the equipment, whether it is abnormal, the temperature and humidity in the equipment room, and the treatment of dirt and other contents. Only by focusing on these aspects will the equipment run longer and the number of failures will decrease. Generally speaking, advanced communication equipment has particularly high environmental requirements.

2) Advanced communication equipment generally does not need to carry out some complicated adjustment and testing operations such as daily test and monthly test, as long as it uses effective supervision and control to do preventive monitoring within a certain period of time, if no fault problems are found or are not particularly serious The hidden trouble of the fault keeps the machine equipment fixed and reduces the damage caused by human factors.

3) During the inspection and troubleshooting of the equipment, it is forbidden to insert or remove the machine disk and anti-static electricity under the condition of power. You must ensure that the power supply is turned off before you can insert or remove the machine disk. At the same time, you should wear gloves with anti-static functions during actual operation.

4) When dealing with the problem of equipment circuit failure, the common treatment method is to replace the faulty plug-in or plug-in disk in time. Where conditions permit, plug-ins and inserts that are prone to damage should be prepared in advance. The machine board has higher integration, the related assembly is denser, and the wires used are thinner, and the staff cannot repair it by themselves, otherwise the whole machine board will be seriously damaged. Once it is found that there is a faulty disk, it must be time to inform the manufacturer and order it to be fully repaired.

5) In modern communication equipment, software technology plays an increasingly important role. If the equipment wants to achieve diversified functions, it must have corresponding software technology, otherwise it will not be able to systematically master advanced communication technology.

6) Implement the network management system; modern communication systems are equipped with sound network management functions, which can monitor real-time indicators during business operations, and at the same time accurately monitor specific faults, determine the type of fault, etc., for preventive Maintenance work and effective handling of faults provide important guarantees.

4 Conclusion

In summary, it can be seen that the optical fiber communication system is mainly composed of a computer, an electro-optical converter, a photoelectric converter, and an optical cable. There may be fault problems in any link, which will affect the normal operation of the system. With the continuous improvement and rapid development of science and technology, China's power system communications have purchased a large number of intelligent and digital advanced communication equipment; and from the perspective of maintenance personnel, the continuous improvement of science and technology helps them to understand effective and timely Transmission equipment repair and maintenance measures.