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In the past two years, cases of paraquat poisoning have grown rapidly. The following discussion on the toxicity of paraquat is hoped to attract the attention of the majority of farmers.
Paraquat, also known as gram, is a contact-killing bipyridyl herbicide. Paraquat is one of the earliest herbicides in the world, and it is also one of the varieties of pesticides that have developed rapidly in China in recent years. Because of its high efficacy, low dosage and fast onset, it acts as a herbicide and is popular among farmers. However, due to its high toxicity, it has been rarely used in foreign countries and is still widely used in China.
Its products are 20% to 50% aqueous solution, which can enter the body through the skin, respiratory tract and digestive tract. Humans are mainly absorbed orally, and the lethal dose is 5 to 10 ml. Oral and esophageal ulcers can occur about 5 days after the general poisoning. 5 to 8 days after poisoning, fever, heart rate, shortness of breath or respiratory failure may occur. Oral administration of 30 mg / kg or more can cause respiratory symptoms such as pulmonary edema and hemoptysis in 48 hours. Respiratory circulatory failure caused by pulmonary fibrosis is the leading cause of death. Its mortality rate is very high, about 90%.
After taking the herbicide paraquat, you must rescue it as soon as possible. Here are some ways to detoxify.
1. Wash the stomach as soon as possible to speed up excretion. Other poisons have corresponding detoxification methods, and there is currently no effective antidote to paraquat poisoning, once the consequences of poisoning are unimaginable. In principle, it is still to prevent absorption, accelerate excretion, symptomatic treatment of damaged organs, and restore function as much as possible. In view of the fact that paraquat has an absorption rate of only 5% to 15% in the gastrointestinal tract and is stable in acidic and neutral environments, it can be hydrolyzed in an alkaline solution. Therefore, the rescue should be done with alkaline liquid as soon as possible, such as the application of activated carbon plus citric acid gastric lavage. In order to accelerate excretion, magnesium sulfate, glycolic acid, rhubarb, and the like can be used.
2. Apply lung medicine as soon as possible. The mechanism of paraquat poisoning is mainly to generate oxygen free radicals in the lungs, destroy lung cells, and cause pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure. Therefore, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and paraquat monoclonal antibodies, large doses of vitamins C and E should be used as early as possible to prevent excessive formation of oxygen radicals and reduce damage to cell membrane structure.
3. Use the ventilator as soon as possible. To increase gas exchange, improve oxygenation, increase oxygen partial pressure, and reduce lung damage.
4. Perform blood perfusion as soon as possible. Experience has shown that patients with unperfused patients survive more than 48 hours of severe lung, liver and stomach damage, and eventually die of multiple organ failure.
The paraquat national standard (formally implemented on June 1, 2004) stipulates that the paraquat preparation and the parent drug must contain an emetic, and the emetic agent is PP796 (triazolone), and some enterprises occupy the market, not Production according to national standards, without emetic or less emetic, can not achieve the prescribed vomiting effect, resulting in more absorption of patients, coupled with people's lack of awareness of the hazard, poisoning cases are not uncommon.
According to the current level of domestic corporate governance and the impact of paraquat on the environment, the standard value of the current source of the characteristic pollutant pyridine is 5 mg / liter, and the paraquat ion is 0.1 mg / liter; the new source is based on the best domestic and international treatment technology, pyridine emissions The standard is 2 mg / liter, and the paraquat ion is 0.03 mg / liter. The existing enterprises can improve the technical level of treatment within a certain period of time and reach the new source standard. In special areas, the emission limits for existing and new companies are 1 mg/L for pyridine and 0.01 mg/L for paraquat.
We should strengthen the management of paraquat, and also strengthen the promotion of paraquat poisoning prevention to avoid paraquat poisoning.
Paraquat, also known as gram, is a contact-killing bipyridyl herbicide. Paraquat is one of the earliest herbicides in the world, and it is also one of the varieties of pesticides that have developed rapidly in China in recent years. Because of its high efficacy, low dosage and fast onset, it acts as a herbicide and is popular among farmers. However, due to its high toxicity, it has been rarely used in foreign countries and is still widely used in China.
Its products are 20% to 50% aqueous solution, which can enter the body through the skin, respiratory tract and digestive tract. Humans are mainly absorbed orally, and the lethal dose is 5 to 10 ml. Oral and esophageal ulcers can occur about 5 days after the general poisoning. 5 to 8 days after poisoning, fever, heart rate, shortness of breath or respiratory failure may occur. Oral administration of 30 mg / kg or more can cause respiratory symptoms such as pulmonary edema and hemoptysis in 48 hours. Respiratory circulatory failure caused by pulmonary fibrosis is the leading cause of death. Its mortality rate is very high, about 90%.
After taking the herbicide paraquat, you must rescue it as soon as possible. Here are some ways to detoxify.
1. Wash the stomach as soon as possible to speed up excretion. Other poisons have corresponding detoxification methods, and there is currently no effective antidote to paraquat poisoning, once the consequences of poisoning are unimaginable. In principle, it is still to prevent absorption, accelerate excretion, symptomatic treatment of damaged organs, and restore function as much as possible. In view of the fact that paraquat has an absorption rate of only 5% to 15% in the gastrointestinal tract and is stable in acidic and neutral environments, it can be hydrolyzed in an alkaline solution. Therefore, the rescue should be done with alkaline liquid as soon as possible, such as the application of activated carbon plus citric acid gastric lavage. In order to accelerate excretion, magnesium sulfate, glycolic acid, rhubarb, and the like can be used.
2. Apply lung medicine as soon as possible. The mechanism of paraquat poisoning is mainly to generate oxygen free radicals in the lungs, destroy lung cells, and cause pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure. Therefore, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and paraquat monoclonal antibodies, large doses of vitamins C and E should be used as early as possible to prevent excessive formation of oxygen radicals and reduce damage to cell membrane structure.
3. Use the ventilator as soon as possible. To increase gas exchange, improve oxygenation, increase oxygen partial pressure, and reduce lung damage.
4. Perform blood perfusion as soon as possible. Experience has shown that patients with unperfused patients survive more than 48 hours of severe lung, liver and stomach damage, and eventually die of multiple organ failure.
The paraquat national standard (formally implemented on June 1, 2004) stipulates that the paraquat preparation and the parent drug must contain an emetic, and the emetic agent is PP796 (triazolone), and some enterprises occupy the market, not Production according to national standards, without emetic or less emetic, can not achieve the prescribed vomiting effect, resulting in more absorption of patients, coupled with people's lack of awareness of the hazard, poisoning cases are not uncommon.
According to the current level of domestic corporate governance and the impact of paraquat on the environment, the standard value of the current source of the characteristic pollutant pyridine is 5 mg / liter, and the paraquat ion is 0.1 mg / liter; the new source is based on the best domestic and international treatment technology, pyridine emissions The standard is 2 mg / liter, and the paraquat ion is 0.03 mg / liter. The existing enterprises can improve the technical level of treatment within a certain period of time and reach the new source standard. In special areas, the emission limits for existing and new companies are 1 mg/L for pyridine and 0.01 mg/L for paraquat.
We should strengthen the management of paraquat, and also strengthen the promotion of paraquat poisoning prevention to avoid paraquat poisoning.
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