Empire ambition: the qualitative change of German manufacturing

In today's economic downturn, Germany remains the absolute core of Europe's standing. Why is the "German model" able to win? In addition to Germany's perfect social market economic system and strict financial supervision, the superb and reliable manufacturing industry is the wall of its defense against the crisis.
“Why does the Germans not rely on finance, not on real estate, not on tourism, but the economy has always been strong?”
“Because Germany’s true core pillar entity manufacturing is worthy of worldwide trust.”
There is a small story about bridges made in Germany. In 1906, the German Tailai Yanghang built the Zhongshan Bridge in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, and was completed in 1909. According to the contract, the bridge is guaranteed to be strong for 80 years from the date of completion. In the battle of the liberation of Lanzhou in 1949, the bridge deck was burnt, the stringers left bullet marks, but the bridge was as stable as usual. In 1989, 80 years after the completion of the bridge, German experts made a special inspection of the bridge and proposed reinforcements, while affirming the expiration of the contract. Today, Zhongshan Bridge is still used as usual and is listed as a municipal cultural relics protection unit. This shows the reliability of manufacturing in Germany.
Germany was a post-capitalist country. It began its industrial revolution in the 1930s, 30 years later than its neighbor, France, when the British industrial revolution came to an end. Since the world market has been almost divided by the powers of the powers, the Germans who pursued the dream of a strong country have been squeezing under the powers of the powers, constantly spoofing the products of Britain, France, the United States and other countries with the "despicable" methods of plagiarizing design, copying products, and forging trademarks. Impact on the market, which has been cast aside by industrial powers. At the 1876 Philadelphia World Expo, “Made in Germany” was rated as “low price and low quality”. In 1887, the British Parliament passed the new "Trademark Law" clause, requiring all imported goods to be marked with the origin, in order to distinguish between inferior German goods and quality British goods.
From that moment on, the Germans began to understand that the occupation of the global market is not based on the cheapness of the product, but the quality of the product. So we firmly grasped the strategic opportunities of national unity and the second industrial revolution, reformed and innovated, forged ahead, and vigorously developed steel, chemical, machinery, electrical and other manufacturing industries through technological transformation of traditional industries and strict control of product quality. And the real economy, gave birth to a number of world-renowned companies such as Siemens, Krupp, Volkswagen, and promoted Germany to rank among the world's industrial powers before World War I.
Summarizing the direction of German industrial quality change, there are three main points:
The first is to encourage innovation and development. The German government attaches great importance to the research and innovation of the manufacturing industry and the transformation of achievements, and strives to establish a scientific research and innovation system integrating scientific research and development, transformation of results, knowledge dissemination and manpower training. Its greatest feature is the unity of individuals, businesses and the government: researchers produce results, companies out capital, national policies and are responsible for communication and coordination between enterprises and the scientific and technological community; enterprises undertake 2/3 of research funding, and the remaining 1 /3 is paid by the federal government and local governments. In order to enable "manufacturing technology" to be sustainable in the new economic environment, the German government has established three major development goals: "green manufacturing" "information technology" and "high-end manufacturing." The Germans have always believed that the real decision on the future of the company is research and development, not other objective factors that cannot be grasped. Therefore, German companies have no hesitation in research and development, and R&D expenditures account for about 3% of the gross national product, ranking the top in the world. According to statistics, in the EU enterprise R & D investment ranking, the top 25 have 11 German companies, the first German Volkswagen Company annual research and development costs of 5.8 billion euros. Even during the European debt crisis, despite the reduction in orders, the R&D investment of German companies has not decreased correspondingly, but has gradually increased. The German economy, which is supported by advanced manufacturing, has little influence from the European debt crisis. Continuous technological innovation and more vitality and vitality.
The second is the formulation of industry quality standards. Germany has long implemented strict industrial standards and quality certification systems, making an important contribution to the establishment of the German manufacturing industry's leading position in the world. The first is to establish a sound and unified industry standard. The most important institution is the German Standardization Institute (DIN), which sets standards for construction, mining, metallurgy, chemical, electrician, safety technology, environmental protection, sanitation, fire protection, transportation and In almost all areas, such as housekeeping, thousands of industry standards are released each year, of which about 90% are adopted by Europe and the world. The second is to establish a fair and objective quality certification and supervision system. The most important certification and supervision institutions are Nande Technical Supervision Company, North German Technical Supervision Company, and Rheinland Technical Supervision Company, which operate independently from the government and outside the industry. Standards such as ISO and DIN test the company's products and manufacturing processes, and issue certificates to qualified individuals. This not only effectively coordinates the competition among local enterprises, but also ensures the quality of “Made in Germany” and enhances the competitiveness of “Made in Germany” as a whole. According to statistics, the “German Standard” creates a value of 18 billion euros per year for the German manufacturing industry.
The third is a mature education system. The success of “Made in Germany” is inseparable from the dynamic and high-quality skilled workers. In the process of cultivating skilled workers, Germany focuses on the implementation of dual-track vocational education, that is, the joint development of vocational education by schools and enterprises. The school is responsible for imparting theoretical knowledge, and the company arranges internships and training for students. The government sets graduation assessment standards for hundreds of occupations to ensure the level of judgment in teaching and talent quality.
About 70% of young people in Germany will receive dual-track vocational education after graduating from high school. They will receive practical education in enterprises three to four days a week, and professional theoretical studies in vocational schools from one to two days. Training time is generally two to three years. half. The cost of vocational school education is borne by the state, and the cost of corporate practice training is borne by the enterprise. The outstanding advantage of this model is that the trainees combine the theory and practice to effectively ensure the high skills required by the manufacturing industry. At the same time, vocational training is also an important way to lead a career.
There are currently more than 350 training programs available in Germany. It is particularly worth mentioning that the average wage of German skilled workers is much higher than that of Britain, France, the United States, Japan, etc., and there is not much difference between white-collar workers. It is these skilled workers who turn the blueprints developed into beautiful products and put them on the market to help German companies maintain strong competitiveness in the process of economic globalization.
Today's China is just like Germany in the late 19th century. It is also a catch-up riser. Although it has become a "world factory" and a manufacturing power, it is far from the manufacturing power. At present, the mode of China's manufacturing industry relying on low-cost, high-consumption and high-emissions to promote growth has basically come to an end. The problems of rising labor costs, overcapacity, lack of competitiveness in technology, and lack of influence on brands have become serious obstacles to Chinese manufacturing. The problem of industry development. Faced with many challenges, drawing on the successful experience of German manufacturing industry is of great significance for China's manufacturing industry to get rid of the difficulties and re-cast brilliant.

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