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Modern pig production requires a balanced breeding of pigs throughout the year to ensure that commercial pigs are listed in batches, and meet the needs of the market all the year round to obtain sustained and stable economic benefits. Therefore, we must grasp the best breeding in the use of breeding pigs. In the stage, the intensity utilization should be carried out in the appropriate breeding stage. When the reproductive performance declines, it should be eliminated in time, so as to effectively reduce the production cost.
Use of boars
With appropriate years of use, the breeding performance of young breeding pigs will continue to increase after breeding. When it reaches 2 to 3 years old, it is the period of highest fertility. Later, with the increase of age, sexual function gradually declines until it reaches sexual exhaustion. Under normal circumstances, young and middle-aged boars have strong sexual desire, fast reflexes, and good semen quality, which can make the sows have a high rate of conception. At the same time, boars of this age are flexible, have strong limbs, and have fewer leg and hoof injuries. Old-age boars have poor sexual desire, slow sexual reflexes, large and bulky, inflexible limbs, often accompanied by light or heavy limb and hoof disease, and poor breeding ability. Therefore, boars generally only use 2 to 3 years, more than 3 years of boars, unless the physical condition is particularly good, the breeding rate is particularly high, otherwise they should be eliminated in time.
Appropriate use frequency
When adopting the seasonal centralized breeding management mode, an adult boar can be planted once or twice a day, but at least one day should be guaranteed every week; young boars should be planted once a day, and after 3 days of continuous breeding, rest 1 Days ~ 2 days; old boars can be planted 2 times a day, and 3 days after continuous breeding for 1 day. Large-scale pig farms can use the following frequency: when the boars from 8 months to 12 months old are naturally mated, they are planted twice a week, and when they are artificially inseminated, they are collected once a week; the boars above 12 months old are naturally When breeding, 3 times a week, and when insemination, 1 time every 5 days. Appropriate semen quality No matter what kind of breeding method is used, the qualified farm must check the semen quality frequently. The sperm activity is above 0.8, the density is above medium, and the abnormal sperm rate is not more than 10%. The normal semen color is milky white or grayish white, slightly astringent, and cannot have other colors or unusual odors. The reserve boar must have half a month of trial training before breeding, and the semen should be checked at least twice. If the semen is unqualified, it cannot participate in breeding.
Use of sows
Appropriate mating age practice has shown that the mortality of sow embryos with primiparous births and more than 5 times of pregnancy is higher. The young and middle-aged sows have obvious estrus symptoms, high fertility rate, high number of heads and strong health, strong viability and rapid growth of sows, high sow production and strong feeding ability. Old-aged pigs have the disadvantage of significantly reduced fertility. Although the number of births may not be small, the ability to lactate is poor, often there are fewer or no milk individuals, and the body is bulky, slow-moving, prone to deafness and leg disease. When the problem is so, it is easy to press the pig, which leads to accidental death. And the elderly sows have loose abdominal muscles. When breastfeeding on the side, the 2~3 nipples in the lower row are difficult to expose. If the necessary help is not given, it will affect normal breastfeeding, and the newborn pigs will often die from freezing. In addition, the offspring of older breeding pigs have poorer living ability, slow growth and development, and often have bad individuals due to genetic mutations. According to modern management requirements, sows are generally used to 5 to 6 fetuses, and individuals with excellent reproductive performance can use 7 to 8 fetuses.
Suitable breeding weight
The gilts should be weighed regularly to ensure proper seed weight. For introduced pig breeds, large breeds, and late-maturing breeds, the body weight should reach 90 kg at 6 months of age, and the weight should reach 120 kg to 130 kg at the age of 8 months. For local varieties, small varieties, and early-maturing varieties, it is generally around 6 months old, and the initial weight is suitable when the body weight reaches 50 kg to 60 kg. If the sow is overweight, it may cause reproductive failure or low birth weight; if the weight of the sow is too small, it will affect the lactation ability and normal development after birth. The practice of breeding has proved that the sows with higher initial weight have lower fertility rate and serious embryo death. The lighter weight of the sows not only has a low embryo mortality rate, but also has a small body weight loss during lactation, and there are no diseases such as postpartum sputum. Bad individuals. According to modern management requirements, sows are generally used to 5 to 6 fetuses, and individuals with excellent reproductive performance can use 7 to 8 fetuses.
Suitable breeding time
Studies have shown that within 6 hours after ovulation and 14 hours after ovulation, embryo survival rates were 88% and 32%, respectively. Sows usually ovulate 24 hours to 36 hours after estrus, the peak period is about 31 hours, the time for the egg to maintain fertilization in the body is 8 hours to 12 hours, and the sperm can survive in the sow for 10 hours to 20 hours. The time of fertilization is 2 hours to 3 hours. Timely breeding can ensure that sperm and eggs are combined at the strongest vitality, ensuring that all discharged eggs are fertilized to form embryos. Premature and late mating will affect the rate of fertilization. Even if fertilized, the fertilized egg will not be strong, and it will die easily in the middle. With this method of delivery, the appropriate breeding time is the first match 24 hours after the sow has estrus performance, and the interval is 10 hours to 12 hours. In the case of artificial insemination, two insemination methods can be used. The first insemination is carried out 12 hours after the sow is in constant estrus, and the second insemination is carried out in the first 10 to 12 hours. In actual production, the appropriate timing should be flexibly selected according to the age and variety of the sow. The common rule is "old match early, small match late, no old and no match with the middle", "cultivation varieties should be matched early, local varieties should be matched late, hybrid varieties in the middle". The specific time control is: the best breeding time of the old sow is within 24 hours after the start of estrus, and can not exceed 37 hours at the latest, the young sows are 36 hours and 60 hours respectively, and the middle sows are 30 hours respectively. 48 hours.
Suitable breeding method
The results of the study showed that the number of matings in the two breedings was higher than that in the first breeding, but there was no difference between the two breedings. Commonly used breeding methods include single breeding, repeated breeding, double breeding, and multiple breeding, but as long as the breeding can be carried out smoothly, it is not recommended to use multiple breeding methods. Farmers can choose the appropriate way according to the conditions and needs to achieve the purpose of increasing the number of births. In order to improve the utilization rate of excellent boars and also to reduce the cost of breeding, artificial insemination should be actively promoted. However, the gilts should not use artificial insemination as much as possible, and the boars and sows should not be too disparate, requiring boars to be slightly larger than the sows. Appropriate weaning time In order to improve the utilization rate of sows, pig farms with appropriate nursery conditions should adopt early weaning feeding methods and choose to wean in 28 days to 30 days, which can guarantee the annual output of one sow to 2 litters to 2.5. Compared with the traditional method, this kind of feeding method can improve the breeding efficiency and save the feed cost; the sows with the early weaning feeding method can generally breed with estrus from 5 days to 7 days after weaning, and the conception rate is 90%. ~95%.
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