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Dongguan Juntian Electronics Co., Ltd. is not a single customer who does capacitors and sales capacitors, but also wants to buy capacitors.
Learn more about capacitors, so here is a brief introduction to the basics of aluminum electrolytic capacitors and the nature of electrolytic capacitors. Base knowledge of aluminum capacitors: Generally, aluminum electrolytic capacitors are formed by winding aluminum foil, cathode aluminum foil and separator paper, as shown below. The liquid electrolyte is further saturated and connected to the end wire (or bolt) to be installed in the container. Among them, the anode aluminum foil is high-purity aluminum etched in thousands of tiny tunnels to increase the contact area with the electrolyte.
The positive plate of the aluminum electrolytic capacitor is an anode foil, the dielectric is an insulating alumina on the anode foil, the true negative plate is a conductive liquid electrolyte, and the cathode aluminum foil is the lead electrode of the electrolyte of the true negative electrode.
Since the surface area of ​​the anodized aluminum foil after the etching process is hundreds of times the geometric area, the alumina electrolyte is also less than a micron thickness. The resulting capacitor thus has a large board area and a very close substrate distance, so that a very large capacitance can be obtained. The capacitance can generally reach 2700 00uf/6.3V, 10 000uf/450V (produced by Dongguan Juntian Electronics Co., Ltd.), that is, close to 3F; the rated voltage can cover the entire voltage range from low voltage 3 V to high voltage 500V. As can be seen from the above description, the usual capacitors have obvious positive and negative ends, which are polar components and cannot be reverse polarity applied.
The following is an introduction to the properties of electrolytic capacitors:
Electrolytic capacitors are a kind of medium for capacitors. The electrolyte coating has polarity, which is positive and negative. It is composed of two metal poles with an insulating material (medium) sandwiched between them.
Characteristics of electrolytic capacitors: The capacitance per unit volume is very large, tens to hundreds of times larger than other types of capacitors.
Electrolytic capacitors feature two: the rated capacity can be very large, can easily achieve tens of thousands of μf or even a few f (but not with the double layer capacitance).
Electrolytic capacitors are characterized by three: the price is overwhelmingly superior to other types, because the constituent materials of electrolytic capacitors are common industrial materials, such as aluminum. The equipment for manufacturing electrolytic capacitors is also an ordinary industrial equipment, which can be mass-produced and has relatively low cost.
Electrolytic capacitors are usually made of metal foil (aluminum/bismuth) as a positive electrode, an insulating oxide layer of aluminum foil (aluminum oxide/yttrium oxide) as a dielectric, and electrolytic capacitors are divided into aluminum electrolytic capacitors and tantalum electrolysis by their positive electrodes. Capacitor. The negative electrode of the aluminum electrolytic capacitor is composed of a thin paper/film or an electrolyte polymer immersed in an electrolyte liquid (liquid electrolyte); the negative electrode of the tantalum electrolytic capacitor is usually manganese dioxide. Since the electrolyte is used as the negative electrode (note that it is distinguished from the dielectric), the electrolytic capacitor is named after it.
Polar electrolytic capacitors usually function as power supply filtering, decoupling, signal coupling, time constant setting, and DC blocking in power supply circuits or intermediate frequency and low frequency circuits. Generally, it can not be used in the AC power supply circuit. When used as a filter capacitor in the DC power supply circuit, the anode (positive electrode) should be connected to the positive terminal of the power supply voltage, and the cathode (negative electrode) should be connected to the negative terminal of the power supply voltage. Otherwise it will damage the capacitor.
Non-polar electrolytic capacitors are commonly used in speaker divider circuits, television S correction circuits, and start-up circuits for single-phase motors.
Electrolytic capacitors are widely used in household appliances and various electronic products. They have a large capacity range, generally 1~1000μF, and the rated working voltage range is 6.3~450V. The disadvantage is that the dielectric loss and the capacity error are large (the maximum allowable deviation is +100%, -20%), the high temperature resistance is poor, and the storage time is long and easy to be invalid.
Characteristics of Electrolytic Capacitor Damage Electrolytic capacitors are used in large quantities in electrical equipment and have a high failure rate. Electrolytic capacitor damage has the following performances: one is to completely lose capacity or the capacity is small; the other is slight or severe leakage; the third is loss of capacity or capacity and leakage. The methods for finding damaged electrolytic capacitors are:
(1) Look: Some capacitors will leak when they are damaged. There will be a layer of oil on the surface of the circuit board under the capacitor or even the surface of the capacitor. This capacitor can never be used again. Some capacitors will bulge after being damaged. continue to use;
(2) Touch: Some electrolytic capacitors with serious leakage will heat up after starting up, and even hot when touched with fingers, this capacitor must be replaced;
(3) There is electrolyte inside the electrolytic capacitor. If it is baked for a long time, the electrolyte will dry out, resulting in a decrease in capacitance. Therefore, it is necessary to check the capacitance near the heat sink and high-power components. The closer to it, the possibility of damage. The greater the sex.
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