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Introduction to welding technology:
Welding technology has been in existence for more than 100 years since its invention. All important products in industrial production, such as the production of products in the aerospace, aerospace and nuclear energy industries, are inseparable from welding technology. At present, the development of new industries has forced the advancement of welding technology. For example, the development of microelectronics industry has promoted the development of micro-joining processes and equipment; the development of ceramic materials and composite materials has promoted vacuum brazing, vacuum diffusion welding, spraying and bonding processes. development of. Therefore, welding technology will continue to develop with the advancement of science and technology, mainly reflected in the following aspects:
1. Energy:
At present, the welding heat source is very rich, such as flame, arc, electric resistance, ultrasonic, friction, plasmon, electron beam, laser beam, microwave, etc., but the research and development of welding heat source has not been terminated, and its new development can be summarized. There are three aspects: first, the improvement of existing heat sources, making it more effective, convenient and economical. In this respect, the development of electron beam and laser beam welding is more significant; secondly, developing better and more efficient heat sources. The two heat sources are superimposed to obtain a stronger energy density, such as adding a laser beam to the electron beam welding; the third is energy saving technology. Since the energy consumed by welding is very large, many new technologies aiming at energy saving have emerged, such as the development of electronic technology in solar welding and resistance spot welding to improve the power factor of the welding machine.
2 computer application in welding:
The arc welding equipment microcomputer control system can analyze and control many parameters such as welding current, welding speed and arc length, and display and data retention of welding operation procedures and parameter changes, so as to give the exact information of welding quality. At present, various control systems established with computer as the core include welding sequence control system, PID adjustment system, optimal control and adaptive control system. These systems are used in different welding methods such as arc welding, pressure welding and brazing. The application of computer software technology in welding has received more and more attention. At present, computer simulation technology has been used for simulation of welding thermal process, welding metallurgy process, welding stress and deformation; database technology is used to establish welder file management database, welding symbol retrieval database, welding process evaluation database, welding material retrieval database, etc. In the field of welding, CAD/CAM applications are in the process of continuous development, and flexible manufacturing systems for welding have also emerged.
3, welding robots and intelligence :
Welding robot is a revolutionary advancement in welding automation. It breaks through the traditional way of welding rigid automation and opens up a new way of flexible automation. The main advantages of welding robot are: stability and improvement of welding quality, ensuring uniformity of welding products; Productivity, 24 hours a day continuous production; can work in a harmful environment for a long time, improve the working conditions of workers; reduce the technical requirements for workers; can achieve small-volume product welding automation; provide a technical basis for welding flexible production lines. In order to improve the automation of the welding process, in addition to controlling the automatic tracking of the weld by the arc, the welding quality should be controlled in real time. For this purpose, it is necessary to detect the condition of the welding groove during the welding process, such as the melting width, the penetration depth and the back bead. Forming, etc., so that the welding parameters can be adjusted in time to ensure good welding quality, which is intelligent welding. The first development focus of intelligent welding is in the vision system, and its key technology is sensor technology. Although the current intelligence is still in its infancy, it has broad prospects and is an important development direction. Expert systems for welding engineering have been intensively studied at home and abroad in recent years, and some commercial welding expert systems have been introduced or are ready to be launched. The welding expert system is a computer software system with the equivalent of an expert's knowledge and experience, and a range of capabilities to solve specific problems in welding. The welding quality computer integrated management system developed on this basis has also been applied in welding, including the analysis of initial test data and data of products, product quality inspection, sales supervision, etc. The software includes database and expert system. The specific application of the technology.
4, improve welding productivity (welding technology):
Increasing welding productivity is an important driving force for the development of welding technology. There are two ways to improve productivity: one is to increase the welding deposition rate. Iron powder welding, gravity welding, lying welding and other processes in hand arc welding; multi-wire welding and hot wire welding in submerged arc welding are all such, and the effect is remarkable. For example, three-wire submerged arc welding, the process parameters are 2200A X 33V; 1400A X 40V 1100A X45V, the groove section is small, the back is baffle or liner, 50- 6mm steel plate can be welded once, welding speed When it reaches 0.4m/min or more, the deposition efficiency is more than 100 times that of hand arc welding. The second is to reduce the section of the groove and the amount of deposited metal. The most outstanding achievement in the past 10 years is the narrow gap welding. Narrow gap welding is based on gas shielded welding and is welded using monofilament, twin or triple wire. Docking can be used regardless of the thickness of the joint. For example, the thickness of the steel plate is from 50 to 300 mm, and the gap can be designed to be about 13 mm, so that the amount of deposited metal required is reduced several times and tens of times, thereby greatly improving productivity. The main technical key of narrow gap welding is how to ensure the penetration of both sides and ensure that the arc center is automatically tracked on the center line of the groove. In order to solve these two problems, various countries have developed a variety of different solutions, and thus a variety of narrow gap welding methods have emerged. In electron beam welding, laser beam welding and plasma arc welding, butt joints can be used without opening ports, so it is an ideal narrow gap welding method, which is one of the important reasons for their widespread attention.
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