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According to Peng Shou, chairman of the Anhui Banque Glass Industrial Design and Research Institute and president of China National Building Materials International Engineering Group Co., Ltd., building materials that meet the three criteria of environmental protection, energy conservation, and the rest of the people can be called green building materials. The development and regulation of the green building materials industry is a systematic project and it must be promoted from four aspects. Establish a complete standard system for green building materials. Firstly, based on the existing national or industry standard system of building materials products, we must quickly research and formulate the full life cycle energy saving, emission reduction and recycling levels that reflect the green requirements of products and additional indicators that reflect the intrinsic safety and comfort performance of products; The formulation and revision of existing product standards will increase the relevant indicators that reflect the green requirements.
Formulate green building product certification methods. Strengthen green building certification management, scientifically formulate green building product certification procedures and requirements, better rely on qualified testing and certification agencies, avoid rent-seeking by third-party agencies, do not increase the current burden of production companies, and guide production companies according to green building product standards Orderly certification, collaborative purification of the market environment to prevent counterfeiting.
Released the green building product catalog. Regularly announce to the public products that meet the standards of green building materials, and implement dynamic management, accept social supervision, and force industrial technological progress. In view of the large volume of building materials, it is possible to announce product catalogs in batches. The first batch of product catalogues are recommended for building materials products that have significant energy-saving, emission reduction and recycling effects, and that use a relatively large amount of building materials.
Establish a multi-sector linkage mechanism. To vigorously develop green building materials, it is necessary to coordinate the production and use of building materials products and closely related product standards, design specifications, testing and certification, and comprehensive utilization, and establish a multi-sectoral linkage mechanism. It is recommended that industrial departments in charge of building management departments , The product quality and market supervision departments and the circular economy competent authorities are coordinating.
A dumbwaiter is a small freight elevator or lift intended to carry objects rather than people. Dumbwaiters found within modern structures, including both commercial, public and private buildings, are often connected between multiple floors. When installed in restaurants, schools, kindergartens, hospitals, retirement homes or in private homes, the lifts generally terminate in a kitchen.
The term seems to have been popularized in the United States in the 1840s, after the model of earlier "dumbwaiters" now known as serving trays and lazy Susans. The mechanical dumbwaiter was invented by George W. Cannon, a New York City inventor. Cannon first filed for the patent of a brake system (US Patent no. 260776) that could be used for a dumbwaiter on January 6, 1883. Cannon later filed for the patent on the mechanical dumbwaiter (US Patent No. 361268) on February 17, 1887.Cannon reportedly generated a vast amount of royalties from the dumbwaiter patents until his death in 1897.
A simple dumbwaiter is a movable frame in a shaft, dropped by a rope on a pulley, guided by rails; most dumbwaiters have a shaft, cart, and capacity smaller than those of passenger elevators, usually 45 to 450 kg (100 to 1000 lbs.) Before electric motors were added in the 1920s, dumbwaiters were controlled manually by ropes on pulleys.
Early 20th-century codes sometimes required fireproof dumbwaiter walls and self-closing fireproof doors and mention features such as buttons to control movement between floors and locks on doors preventing them from opening unless the cart is stopped at that floor. Dumbwaiter Lifts in London were extremely popular in the houses of the rich and privileged. Maids would use them to deliver laundry to the laundry room from different rooms in the house. They negated the need to carry handfuls of dirty washing through the house, saving time and preventing injury.
A legal complaint about a Manhattan restaurant's dumbwaiter in 1915, which also mentions that food orders are shouted up and down the shaft, describes its operation and limitations as follows:
[There is] ... great play between the cart of the dumb-waiter and the guides on which it runs, with the result that the running of the cart is accompanied by a loud noise. The rope which operates the cart of the dumb-waiter runs in a wheel with a very shallow groove, so that the rope is liable to and does at times slip off. ... The cart has no shock absorbers at the top, so that when it strikes the top of the shaft or wheel there is a loud report. ... [T]he ropes of the dumb-waiter strike such wall at frequent intervals with a loud report. ... [T]he dumb-waiter is often negligently operated, by running it faster than necessary, and by letting it go down with a sudden fall.
More recent dumbwaiters can be more sophisticated, using electric motors, automatic control systems, and custom freight containers of other kinds of elevators. Recently constructed book lifts in libraries and mail or other freight transports in office towers may be larger than many dumbwaiters in public restaurants and private homes, supporting loads as heavy as 450 kg (990lbs)
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