Application of Solar Air Conditioning / Heat Pump System in Solar Building Demonstration Project

Abstract: This paper describes in detail the system configuration and design idea of ​​solar air-conditioning / heat pump in the first solar building demonstration project in Tianpu Group Industrial Park, Daping District, Beijing. The system mainly consists of solar heating and cooling and heat pump, which can be completely Meet the new energy demonstration building year-round air-conditioning, heating and domestic hot water needs. The paper compares the environmental benefits of the system with several other traditional heating methods and summarizes the characteristics of solar air conditioners. Keywords: solar air-conditioning heat pump analysis 0 Introduction With the economic development and improvement of people's living standards, air-conditioning and heating energy consumption in China's building energy consumption significantly increased the proportion of and gradually developed into a building energy consumption in a major part, Put more pressure on energy and the environment. Solar energy is an inexhaustible source of clean energy. Using solar energy to supplement conventional energy-driven air-conditioning and heating systems is of great significance for energy conservation and environmental protection. The project of "Tempus New Energy Demonstration Building" is to explore the experience of comprehensive utilization of new energy in construction, which is supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Large solar air conditioning / heat pump system is the main energy supply system of the building. This article describes the solar air-conditioning / heat pump system in detail, and analyzes some of the data in the operation of the system in order to summarize the experience and lay the foundation for the promotion and application. 1 solar air-conditioning / heat pump system details 1.1 system works New Energy Model Building with a total construction area of ​​8000 m2. The main building of the building was basically completed in August 2002 and passed the inspection by the end of 2003. It has now been completed and put into operation. The goal of this system is to meet the requirements of summer air conditioning and winter heating in the new energy demonstration building in Tianpu. The system is mainly composed of solar collector array, lithium bromide refrigerator, heat pump unit, storage tank and automatic control system. The system works as shown in Figure 1. During the period of building heating and air-conditioning, solar energy is used as energy storage pool priority. In winter, the heat collected by the heat collecting system is exchanged to the storage tank through the plate heat exchanger to achieve the purpose of heat storage. In summer, the absorption chiller takes the hot water collected by the solar heat collecting system as a heat source to make chilled water as an energy storage tank Cold source. Heat pump as a solar air conditioning system. In winter, the heat pump is started to heat the storage pool when the pool temperature is below 33 ° C or in the power down period (22:00 pm - 7:00 next day). In summer, when solar cooling can not maintain the pool At a temperature of 18 ° C, the heat pump cools the reservoir and keeps the temperature of the reservoir. The transitional season system only starts part of the solar cooling, heating, and in different transition seasons choose different modes of operation. In spring, the system works in cool storage mode. The absorption chiller provides chilled water to the storage tank to reduce the temperature of the storage tank to prepare for cooling in summer. In autumn, the system converts to heat storage mode. The solar collector system supplies energy to the storage tank Pool heating, raising the temperature of the pool to prepare for winter heating. Both winter and summer, hot water and chilled water in the air-conditioning water system are supplied by the storage pool. In winter, when the room temperature is below 18 ° C, the building pump is turned on and the pool is heated to the building. The pump is turned off when the room temperature is above 20 ° C. In summer, the building pump is turned on when the room temperature is above 27 ° C , The pool to the building cooling, when the indoor temperature is below 23 ° C, for the pump off. The building is naturally ventilated throughout the year. 1.2 System Details Collection System Total lighting area of ​​812m2, collector by the heat pipe vacuum tube and U-tube vacuum tube. Taking into account the problem of integration with the building, the collector was prefabricated into different modules before installation, U-tube collectors and heat pipe collectors were prefabricated by φ58 × 1800 vacuum tubes into 4000 × 1200mm2 and 2000 × 2400 mm2 installation module. After careful design by the construction department and designers, the heat pipe type heat collector is arranged on the south slope of the east floor of the new energy demonstration building. The heat pipe collector is installed on the south slope roof U and engine room of the west building of the New Energy Model Building (Shown in Figure 2), each row of collectors connected in parallel, the installation of the same inclination with Beijing, about 38 degrees. This arrangement of the collector not only to meet the installation requirements of the collector, but also to ensure that the building is handsome in appearance, fully reflects the integration of solar energy and architectural features. In summer, the heat collector combined with the building also has the heat insulation effect, meanwhile, it achieves the purpose of saving energy. As the solar energy itself is low in energy density, subject to time, weather and other conditions, to make the air conditioning system to work around the clock, auxiliary system is essential. The system uses a ground source heat pump unit as a secondary system. Cooling water system abandon the conventionally used cooling tower, the use of a water pool not far from the engine room as a source of cooling water, cooling water in circulation between the pool and the unit. This not only saves the cooling tower costs, but also with the building and the environment. Automatic control system consists of sensors, programmable logic controller (PLC) and industrial control computer 3 parts, divided into automatic and manual control mode. In order to meet the characteristics of each season system operation, automatic control mode is divided into cooling, storage, heating, heat storage, neutral five operating conditions. And the control system supports remote monitoring, you can monitor the system from outside the network operation and change operating instructions, the network and other high-tech into the control system. In order to maximize the use of solar energy, according to the characteristics of building air conditioning, the system set up the energy storage pool. The system configuration of the energy storage tank than the usual solar energy storage tank volume is much larger, with 1200m3, which is a major feature of the system design. The large capacity of the energy storage pool ensures that the energy stored in the water pool can fully meet the needs of the building. Meanwhile, in the transitional season in which the building does not need air conditioning, the water pool can be stored in advance and the heat storage can be prepared for the air conditioning season. As the energy storage pool of solar energy savings transfer, collector work throughout the year, utilization has greatly increased. Storage pool set in the ground, heat transfer temperature difference is much smaller than the temperature difference with the environment, help to reduce the loss of energy storage. 2 Solar Hot Water System Building domestic hot water system uses a separate solar hot water system, so you can avoid switching between domestic hot water system and air conditioning water system, reducing system complexity. Solar thermal water heating system storage glass vacuum tube collector module installed in the south elevation of the building, the module in the installation process to cancel the conventional frame, water tank, integrated with the building, at the same time played the building south elevation Thermal insulation effect. A total of 48 heat collection modules are installed on the south side of the building with a total lighting area of ​​206 m2. 3 winter heating system analysis 3.1 winter heating test data and analysis collected from 2004.1.1 ~ 2004.3.15 operating data, the following part of the data were analyzed. 2004.1.1 ~ 2004.3.15 Solar collector system work 443.5 hours, storage energy to the underground storage tank 32761.9kWh, heat pump work 675h, heat storage 299025 kWh. According to the working principle of the heat pump, it can be calculated that the heat pump extracts energy from the waste heat (workshop cooling water) of 227475 kWh, the system uses 260237.9 heat storage and waste heat, and the ratio of new energy sources in heating is 0.784. Calculated from Table 1, the total heat storage of the system from January 2004 to March 2004 is 331787.9 kWh and the power consumption is 93644.5 kWh. The output of the heat pump is an underground storage tank, so the heat pump does not need to consider the changing conditions, and the heat pumps are almost always at full load , The maximum performance of the heat pump has been realized, which is an energy saving in itself compared to the operation of most air conditioning units at a lower load rate today. Although the temperature of the water entering the heat pump condenser has changed, this does not have a significant impact on the energy efficiency of the heat pump. The EER of the heat pump can be maintained at a high level. Figure 3 shows the indoor and outdoor temperature comparison of the coldest coldest day from January 2004 to March 15, 2004. From the figure we can see that when the ambient temperature is low and fluctuating, the indoor temperature is between 20 ° C and 22 ° C Room changes, indoor temperature and temperature changes in line with design standards, indicating that the system can fully meet the requirements of building heating temperature and comfort. 3.2 Environmental Benefit Analysis Several commonly used typical heat source solutions for air conditioners, namely, coal-fired boiler system, oil-fired boiler system, natural gas boiler system and solar air conditioner /

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