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In recent years, the production and cultivation of early-maturing single-season rice in Northeast China has been expanding. Taking the cold rice in Heilongjiang Province as an example, the rice area has sufficient sunshine, large temperature difference between day and night, good rice quality and high commodity rate. Experts through the survey found that there are still some differences and defects in rice paddy water and fertilizer management between different regions and between farms and farmers. Therefore, experts put forward some suggestions for fertilization management in paddy field production this year.
During the period of nitrogen fertilizer application, the rice growth period here is short. Due to the low temperature, cultivation management has always promoted the rapid development of tillering early growth. In the period of nitrogen fertilizer application, the proportion of base fertilizer application was emphasized, and the application of nitrogen fertilizer was emphasized. In the early stage, and too little investment in the late stage, this caused the irrational period of nitrogen fertilizer application. In fact, the absorption and accumulation of nitrogen by rice is mainly concentrated in the middle and late stages. For example, the absorption of nitrogen from the panicle differentiation stage to the heading stage is 50% of the whole process. The so-called optimization and adjustment of fertilization period is mainly to implement appropriate post-migration of nitrogen fertilizer. In addition to controlling the proportion of base manure, attention should also be paid to the application of panicle fertilizer. The experience of high-yield areas in recent years has proved that the rice fields with excessive application of manure and fertilizer not only did not significantly promote the rapid growth of tillers, but finally the result of low ear-forming rate, the more the accumulation of dry matter in the early stage, although This makes the total amount of tillers more, but the medium-term dry matter is less, and the demand for a large number of tillers is not effective, and the rate of seed formation is reduced. In addition, there are too many tillers in the early stage, and the nutrients can not keep up in the middle and late stages, which often results in small heads. Because of the low rate of ear formation and the shape of large spikes, it is not good for high yield. In view of the realistic tendency of too little investment in the later stage, the adjustment of nitrogen fertilizer rearward movement is proposed. It is recommended that the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer application period is: base fertilizer: manure: panicle fertilizer = 4:3:3.
Grasping the appropriate range of total nitrogen application The total amount of nitrogen applied in production is now larger. The survey found that the amount of nitrogen applied can range from 48 to 209 N kg / ha. In recent years, experimental studies have shown that nitrogen application rate of about 100~120 kg/ha can meet the demand for nitrogen in cold rice. In fact, some farmers' habitual application rate has to be increased by 50~65N kg/ha, but field tests have shown that the increase in nitrogen fertilizer application has not shown an increase in production. However, due to improper application techniques such as fertilization period, the loss of nitrogen in paddy fields is increased, which does not meet the requirements of high yield and high efficiency.
The application of nitrogen fertilizer depth is a key test. It is proved that deep application is the most effective method to reduce nitrogen loss and increase nitrogen fertilizer utilization. The difference between the application of nitrogen fertilizer and the deep application can cause the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate to differ by 50%. In the cold rice production, there is a period worth noting, that is, the time between the application of the base fertilizer from the paddy field and the transplanting of the rice is long, about 20 days. Due to the large amount of base fertilizer, if it is not applied deeply, the nitrogen loss caused by ammonia volatilization is serious. Therefore, we must adhere to the key technology of deep application of nitrogen fertilizer.
Increasing the application rate of potassium fertilizer Soil test showed that the content of available potassium in most paddy fields in this area was at a medium or low level, while the application of phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer was long, and the application amount of potassium fertilizer was insufficient. It should be noted that increasing the application of potassium fertilizer will balance the supply of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus and potassium, which is beneficial to the high yield and high efficiency of rice.
Pay attention to the long-term leisure time of rice fields in this area. In terms of water management, long-term flooding does not pay attention to the drying of the field. In fact, the field can obtain good effects in many aspects, which is conducive to the high yield and high efficiency of rice.
During the period of nitrogen fertilizer application, the rice growth period here is short. Due to the low temperature, cultivation management has always promoted the rapid development of tillering early growth. In the period of nitrogen fertilizer application, the proportion of base fertilizer application was emphasized, and the application of nitrogen fertilizer was emphasized. In the early stage, and too little investment in the late stage, this caused the irrational period of nitrogen fertilizer application. In fact, the absorption and accumulation of nitrogen by rice is mainly concentrated in the middle and late stages. For example, the absorption of nitrogen from the panicle differentiation stage to the heading stage is 50% of the whole process. The so-called optimization and adjustment of fertilization period is mainly to implement appropriate post-migration of nitrogen fertilizer. In addition to controlling the proportion of base manure, attention should also be paid to the application of panicle fertilizer. The experience of high-yield areas in recent years has proved that the rice fields with excessive application of manure and fertilizer not only did not significantly promote the rapid growth of tillers, but finally the result of low ear-forming rate, the more the accumulation of dry matter in the early stage, although This makes the total amount of tillers more, but the medium-term dry matter is less, and the demand for a large number of tillers is not effective, and the rate of seed formation is reduced. In addition, there are too many tillers in the early stage, and the nutrients can not keep up in the middle and late stages, which often results in small heads. Because of the low rate of ear formation and the shape of large spikes, it is not good for high yield. In view of the realistic tendency of too little investment in the later stage, the adjustment of nitrogen fertilizer rearward movement is proposed. It is recommended that the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer application period is: base fertilizer: manure: panicle fertilizer = 4:3:3.
Grasping the appropriate range of total nitrogen application The total amount of nitrogen applied in production is now larger. The survey found that the amount of nitrogen applied can range from 48 to 209 N kg / ha. In recent years, experimental studies have shown that nitrogen application rate of about 100~120 kg/ha can meet the demand for nitrogen in cold rice. In fact, some farmers' habitual application rate has to be increased by 50~65N kg/ha, but field tests have shown that the increase in nitrogen fertilizer application has not shown an increase in production. However, due to improper application techniques such as fertilization period, the loss of nitrogen in paddy fields is increased, which does not meet the requirements of high yield and high efficiency.
The application of nitrogen fertilizer depth is a key test. It is proved that deep application is the most effective method to reduce nitrogen loss and increase nitrogen fertilizer utilization. The difference between the application of nitrogen fertilizer and the deep application can cause the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate to differ by 50%. In the cold rice production, there is a period worth noting, that is, the time between the application of the base fertilizer from the paddy field and the transplanting of the rice is long, about 20 days. Due to the large amount of base fertilizer, if it is not applied deeply, the nitrogen loss caused by ammonia volatilization is serious. Therefore, we must adhere to the key technology of deep application of nitrogen fertilizer.
Increasing the application rate of potassium fertilizer Soil test showed that the content of available potassium in most paddy fields in this area was at a medium or low level, while the application of phosphate fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer was long, and the application amount of potassium fertilizer was insufficient. It should be noted that increasing the application of potassium fertilizer will balance the supply of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus and potassium, which is beneficial to the high yield and high efficiency of rice.
Pay attention to the long-term leisure time of rice fields in this area. In terms of water management, long-term flooding does not pay attention to the drying of the field. In fact, the field can obtain good effects in many aspects, which is conducive to the high yield and high efficiency of rice.
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