![<?echo $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'];?>](/template/twentyseventeen/skin/images/header.jpg)
In the field experiment, the long-term localization experiment of soil and fertilizer generally adopts the method of “long-term†and “positioningâ€. It has the characteristics of long-term time and climate repeatability, and the method is rich in information, accurate and reliable, and explanatory ability. Strong, can provide decision-making basis for agricultural production and development, so it has conventional work production practices, according to different soil fertility characteristics and long-term application of NPK fertilizers and organic fertilizers on soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients.
I. Effects on soil nitrogen 1. Total nitrogen and available oxygen Nitrogen is a nutrient element that requires a large amount of plants, but most soils have low nitrogen content. Therefore, the continuous application of nitrogen fertilizer in agricultural production has become one of the important basic measures to improve soil fertility and ensure high yield of crops.
Long-term application of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, can increase soil total nitrogen and available nitrogen. This is because the application of nitrogen fertilizer can increase the content of root mites, lines and root exudates, that is, increase the amount of organic nitrogen returned to the soil. Organic fertilizer alone can significantly increase soil total nitrogen and available nitrogen, but its effect is not as fast as chemical nitrogen fertilizer. In organic manure, the effect of manure is better than that of green manure and straw. In some soils, even if manure is applied, the soil organic nitrogen content will slowly decrease. If organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer is important for improving soil nitrogen content, it can not only increase the effective nitrogen content in soil, but also preserve soil nitrogen for a long time.
2. The existence of nitrogen The form of nitrogen in the soil is divided into inorganic and organic states. The inorganic nitrogen is mainly ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, which is less in soil and generally only accounts for total nitrogen. About 1%~2%, the nitrogen in the soil is mainly organic.
Long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer or NPK fertilizer can significantly increase soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen content, but has little effect on soil organic nitrogen content. The application of organic fertilizer can directly increase the amount of soil organic nitrogen, in which fulvic acid nitrogen, nitrogen-based sugar nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen increase. Soil microbial biomass nitrogen is also one of the soil organic nitrogen components. Although it is small, it controls the circulation of carbon and nitrogen nutrients in farmland ecosystems. It supplies soil organic matter content, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium supply and organic and inorganic nutrient conversion. Play an important role. Long-term application of organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer can increase the amount of soil biomass nitrogen, especially organic fertilizer.
Second, the impact on soil phosphorus 1, total phosphorus and available phosphorus Phosphorus plays an important role in the plant's large number of nutrients, however, compared with other large nutrients, the soil phosphorus content is relatively low. Long-term application content, and the residual effect period of phosphate fertilizer is longer, and the application of phosphate fertilizer once again can last for at least 10 years. Long-term application of phosphate fertilizer results in soil acidification and can increase the effective phosphorus level of calcareous soil, but continuous application of nitrogen fertilizer on neutral or acidic soil will accelerate the depletion of soil phosphorus. Applying lime to acidic soils can also increase soil pH and increase the solubility of poorly soluble iron phosphate and aluminum compounds. On the other hand, lime can also promote the mineralization of soil organic phosphorus. Long-term application of organic fertilizers, especially manure, can significantly increase soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus, but its effect is not as good as organic and inorganic fertilizers. The reason for applying organic fertilizer to increase soil available phosphorus is that on the one hand, organic fertilizer itself contains a certain amount of phosphorus, and organic phosphorus is the main component. This part of phosphorus is easily decomposed and released; on the other hand, organic fertilizer can increase soil after being applied to soil. Organic matter content, while organic matter can reduce the fixation of inorganic phosphorus and promote the dissolution of inorganic phosphorus.
2. The existence form of phosphorus In various mineral fertilizers, the absorption and utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer by crops is relatively low. After the soluble phosphorus compounds are applied to the soil, this form is converted and most of them quickly become insoluble phosphorus. The form of phosphorus in soil is divided into two categories: organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus. In most soils, phosphorus is mainly inorganic. The inorganic phosphorus compounds in the soil are mainly divided into three categories: one is calcium phosphate, magnesium compounds, such compounds are mainly found in calcareous or neutral soils; the other is iron phosphate, aluminum compounds, such compounds It is mainly found in acidic soils; the third type is closed storage phosphorus.
Long-term application of phosphate or organic fertilizer can increase soil organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus content, but phosphate fertilizer mainly increases inorganic phosphorus content, while organic fertilizer mainly increases organic phosphorus. Among the increased organic phosphorus, it is mainly active and moderately active organic phosphorus. The reason why organic fertilizer increases soil organic phosphorus is that organic fertilizer itself not only contains more active organic phosphorus, but also contains a large number of microorganisms, which can absorb and fix inorganic phosphorus, thereby promoting the conversion of inorganic phosphorus to organic phosphorus. The reason why phosphorus fertilizer increases soil organic phosphorus is that phosphate fertilizer can promote the stability of medium-stable and high-stability organic phosphorus that is difficult to use. In acidic soils, long-term application of phosphate or organic fertilizer mainly increases the iron and aluminum content in the soil.
Third, the impact of soil potassium The soil potassium pool is extremely large, even if long-term application of potassium fertilizer, the impact of soil total potassium is difficult to measure, but potassium fertilizer can significantly increase soil replacement ion content. According to field trials, the application of lime in soil can increase the rate of potassium release from clay loam. Single application of inorganic fertilizers, especially nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers, significantly decreased soil available potassium. The application of organic fertilizer alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizer can increase the content of available potassium in soil. In agricultural production practice, the use of straw to return to the field can alleviate the loss of potassium in the soil, which is very effective in maintaining soil potassium balance.
IV. Conclusion In summary, long-term application of NPK and organic fertilizers has different effects on soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. In long-production practice, we should balance scientific formula fertilization according to different crops and soil types. Vigorously implement the agrochemical services of “measurement, distribution, production, supply and application†to fundamentally improve the soil structure, fertilize the soil, improve the absorption and utilization of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers, and maintain the long-term use of the ground, thus saving Production costs, increase crop yields and improve product quality, and protect the agro-ecological environment, laying a solid foundation for sustainable agricultural development.
I. Effects on soil nitrogen 1. Total nitrogen and available oxygen Nitrogen is a nutrient element that requires a large amount of plants, but most soils have low nitrogen content. Therefore, the continuous application of nitrogen fertilizer in agricultural production has become one of the important basic measures to improve soil fertility and ensure high yield of crops.
Long-term application of chemical fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, can increase soil total nitrogen and available nitrogen. This is because the application of nitrogen fertilizer can increase the content of root mites, lines and root exudates, that is, increase the amount of organic nitrogen returned to the soil. Organic fertilizer alone can significantly increase soil total nitrogen and available nitrogen, but its effect is not as fast as chemical nitrogen fertilizer. In organic manure, the effect of manure is better than that of green manure and straw. In some soils, even if manure is applied, the soil organic nitrogen content will slowly decrease. If organic fertilizer combined with inorganic fertilizer is important for improving soil nitrogen content, it can not only increase the effective nitrogen content in soil, but also preserve soil nitrogen for a long time.
2. The existence of nitrogen The form of nitrogen in the soil is divided into inorganic and organic states. The inorganic nitrogen is mainly ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen, which is less in soil and generally only accounts for total nitrogen. About 1%~2%, the nitrogen in the soil is mainly organic.
Long-term application of nitrogen fertilizer or NPK fertilizer can significantly increase soil nitrate and ammonium nitrogen content, but has little effect on soil organic nitrogen content. The application of organic fertilizer can directly increase the amount of soil organic nitrogen, in which fulvic acid nitrogen, nitrogen-based sugar nitrogen and amino acid nitrogen increase. Soil microbial biomass nitrogen is also one of the soil organic nitrogen components. Although it is small, it controls the circulation of carbon and nitrogen nutrients in farmland ecosystems. It supplies soil organic matter content, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium supply and organic and inorganic nutrient conversion. Play an important role. Long-term application of organic fertilizer or chemical fertilizer can increase the amount of soil biomass nitrogen, especially organic fertilizer.
Second, the impact on soil phosphorus 1, total phosphorus and available phosphorus Phosphorus plays an important role in the plant's large number of nutrients, however, compared with other large nutrients, the soil phosphorus content is relatively low. Long-term application content, and the residual effect period of phosphate fertilizer is longer, and the application of phosphate fertilizer once again can last for at least 10 years. Long-term application of phosphate fertilizer results in soil acidification and can increase the effective phosphorus level of calcareous soil, but continuous application of nitrogen fertilizer on neutral or acidic soil will accelerate the depletion of soil phosphorus. Applying lime to acidic soils can also increase soil pH and increase the solubility of poorly soluble iron phosphate and aluminum compounds. On the other hand, lime can also promote the mineralization of soil organic phosphorus. Long-term application of organic fertilizers, especially manure, can significantly increase soil total phosphorus and available phosphorus, but its effect is not as good as organic and inorganic fertilizers. The reason for applying organic fertilizer to increase soil available phosphorus is that on the one hand, organic fertilizer itself contains a certain amount of phosphorus, and organic phosphorus is the main component. This part of phosphorus is easily decomposed and released; on the other hand, organic fertilizer can increase soil after being applied to soil. Organic matter content, while organic matter can reduce the fixation of inorganic phosphorus and promote the dissolution of inorganic phosphorus.
2. The existence form of phosphorus In various mineral fertilizers, the absorption and utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer by crops is relatively low. After the soluble phosphorus compounds are applied to the soil, this form is converted and most of them quickly become insoluble phosphorus. The form of phosphorus in soil is divided into two categories: organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus. In most soils, phosphorus is mainly inorganic. The inorganic phosphorus compounds in the soil are mainly divided into three categories: one is calcium phosphate, magnesium compounds, such compounds are mainly found in calcareous or neutral soils; the other is iron phosphate, aluminum compounds, such compounds It is mainly found in acidic soils; the third type is closed storage phosphorus.
Long-term application of phosphate or organic fertilizer can increase soil organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus content, but phosphate fertilizer mainly increases inorganic phosphorus content, while organic fertilizer mainly increases organic phosphorus. Among the increased organic phosphorus, it is mainly active and moderately active organic phosphorus. The reason why organic fertilizer increases soil organic phosphorus is that organic fertilizer itself not only contains more active organic phosphorus, but also contains a large number of microorganisms, which can absorb and fix inorganic phosphorus, thereby promoting the conversion of inorganic phosphorus to organic phosphorus. The reason why phosphorus fertilizer increases soil organic phosphorus is that phosphate fertilizer can promote the stability of medium-stable and high-stability organic phosphorus that is difficult to use. In acidic soils, long-term application of phosphate or organic fertilizer mainly increases the iron and aluminum content in the soil.
Third, the impact of soil potassium The soil potassium pool is extremely large, even if long-term application of potassium fertilizer, the impact of soil total potassium is difficult to measure, but potassium fertilizer can significantly increase soil replacement ion content. According to field trials, the application of lime in soil can increase the rate of potassium release from clay loam. Single application of inorganic fertilizers, especially nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers, significantly decreased soil available potassium. The application of organic fertilizer alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizer can increase the content of available potassium in soil. In agricultural production practice, the use of straw to return to the field can alleviate the loss of potassium in the soil, which is very effective in maintaining soil potassium balance.
IV. Conclusion In summary, long-term application of NPK and organic fertilizers has different effects on soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. In long-production practice, we should balance scientific formula fertilization according to different crops and soil types. Vigorously implement the agrochemical services of “measurement, distribution, production, supply and application†to fundamentally improve the soil structure, fertilize the soil, improve the absorption and utilization of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers, and maintain the long-term use of the ground, thus saving Production costs, increase crop yields and improve product quality, and protect the agro-ecological environment, laying a solid foundation for sustainable agricultural development.
ã€Comment】 ã€Print this article】 ã€Close this page】 ã€Large, medium and small】
Hex Nut,heavy hex nut,hex nut bolt,hex nut screw
Jiangsu Minglu Stainless steel Co.,ltd , https://www.minglufastener.com