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In the 21st century, cutting is still the most basic process of manufacturing technology, and high-speed cutting is the most important development direction of cutting technology. Years of research have shown that in the high cutting speed zone, as the cutting speed increases, the cutting force decreases, and the cutting temperature increases to a high value, but after reaching a certain value, the growth momentum tends to remain unchanged.
High-speed cutting refers to the cutting stage where the cutting temperature does not increase significantly with the increase of the cutting speed. The cutting speed is generally 5-10 times higher than that of ordinary cutting, so it is often called ultra-high speed cutting. The speed range for high speed cutting is a relative concept that varies with different machining methods and different workpiece materials. At present, the speed range of high-speed milling of aluminum, aluminum alloy (silicon content less than 12%) and cast iron is about 1500-4000m/min and 750-2000m/min, respectively.
In fact, when performing high-speed machining on a machine tool, there is not only a high cutting speed, but also a high feed rate (including fast-moving speed) and a high-plus (minus) that can reach a specified speed in the shortest time and stroke. Speed ​​is matched with it. Therefore, the concept of high-speed machining has been extended. It includes high cutting speed, high feed rate (including fast-moving speed) and high addition (decrease) speed. Obviously, high-speed machining is a systematic project involving machine tools, tools, workpieces and several peripheral technologies such as CAM technology and machining condition monitoring technology.
High-speed machining test (high cutting speed, small depth of cut, fast feed) shows that it can improve machining efficiency and reduce processing energy (material removal rate per unit power), while achieving high machining accuracy and surface Quality (surface integrity and roughness), especially suitable for processing thin-walled parts. Experiments have also shown that certain difficult-to-machine materials such as nickel-based alloys, titanium alloys, and fiber reinforced plastics are also easier to cut under high-speed cutting conditions, and the problem of excessive tool wear is alleviated.
In the last decade, high-speed machining has gained wider application in the automotive, aerospace and mold industries, and has achieved remarkable results. In the automotive industry, the processing efficiency of high-speed machining centers has been enough to replace the combined machine tools and become the main processing equipment for flexible production lines, thus effectively promoting the flexibility of mass production; in the aerospace industry, high-speed CNC milling machines and machining centers not only make thin The processing of the wall and the narrow rib workpiece becomes easy, and the components such as the wing and the fuselage are promoted by the integral manufacturing method (the member is made of a super large material of 80% of the large aluminum alloy blank).
From a technical point of view, high-speed machining is already being combined with precision and ultra-precision machining, hard machining, dry and quasi-dry machining.
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