High-speed machining tool selection (Figure)

The advancement of tool technology, especially tool materials, has played a significant role in the development of high-speed machining. In the field of high-speed cutting, there are currently four types of tools, namely cermet, ceramic, coating and super-hard materials, each of which has its characteristics and application range and complements each other. Among them, coated tools have the fastest development and have great application potential in the field of high-speed cutting. At present, they have accounted for more than 50% of all tools.

Superhard material tools have an exclusive advantage in the field of high-speed cutting, and their practical applications are increasing. Among these tools, PCD (polycrystalline diamond) tools are the best choice for high-speed cutting of aluminum alloys and non-metallic materials, while diamond-coated tools have not only been put into practical use and the growth momentum is very strong; PCBN (cubic boron nitride polycrystalline) Products) Tools are suitable for cutting cast iron, hardened steel and other materials at higher speeds. CBN (cubic boron nitride) coated tools are also expected to achieve major technological breakthroughs in the near future.

In order to achieve a high service life and low cutting force for high speed cutters, the optimum tool geometry should be selected for different workpiece materials. Compared with ordinary cutting, the front angle of high-speed cutting tools is generally smaller or even negative front angle, the rear angle is slightly larger, and the rounding or chamfering tool tip is often used to increase the rake angle to prevent the cutting edge. Thermal wear. Since the rotary cutter for high-speed cutting is required to work at a high rotational speed, the centrifugal force problem is very prominent, so the structure of the cutter body and the blade clamping structure are required to be very reliable, and at the same time, it is required to undergo strict dynamic balance on the dynamic balancer, It can be further installed on the machine to balance the movement with the spindle assembly.

The 7:24 cone coupling widely used between the tool and the spindle at normal speed. When rotating at high speed, the solid taper shank cannot be “expanded” by the centrifugal force like the spindle hole. The gap between the two will cause the tool to The inside of the cone is oscillated, causing axial positioning errors of the tool and breaking the dynamic balance of the structure. In order to overcome the shortcomings of such high speed performance, some coupling methods suitable for high speed cutting have been developed, such as HSK tool system and Capto tool system.

The selection of the tool, tool holder and cutting amount is detailed below.

1 tool material

Tool material is key to achieving high speed cutting. High-speed cutting materials mainly include cemented carbide, coated tools, cermets, ceramics, cubic boron nitride and diamond tools. They each have advantages and are suitable for different workpiece materials and different cutting speed ranges. It must be noted that there is an adaptability problem between the tool material and the workpiece material pair, that is, the performance of one tool material and the workpiece material is good, but it is not ideal when processing another workpiece material. In other words, there is no one. The universal tool material is suitable for high speed machining of all workpiece materials.

High-speed cutting tool materials must be selected based on the workpiece material being processed and the processing properties. In general, ceramic tools, coated tools and CBN tools are suitable for high-speed machining of ferrous metals such as steel; PCD tools are suitable for high-speed machining of non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, magnesium and copper. The table lists some of the workpiece materials that are suitable for machining the above tool materials.

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