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The internationally renowned research and consulting company, American Social Technology, recently announced 12 areas of technological innovation that will have the most promising and influential influence on the entire human society in the coming period, including the 10th field. "Bioengineering Agriculture" specifically introduced the "exogenous gene removal" technology developed by Li Yi, a professor of biology at the University of Connecticut, and believes that this research can eliminate public concerns about the safety of transgenic plants and eradicate future development of bioengineering agriculture. A major obstacle on the road. In order to gain insights into the social value of "exogenous gene removal" technology, the reporter made a special trip to the University of Connecticut to interview the College of Life Sciences of Guizhou University, which was funded by the China National Scholarship Council and the China International Cooperation Program and was a visiting scholar. Long, Professor Zhao Degang, Director of the Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology.
Reporter: Despite the publication of "exogenous gene removal" technology in authoritative academic journals last year, many international media have rushed to report on this landmark research result, but for most ordinary people in China, "outside It is still not clear why the original gene cleanup technology is so important. Can you use a simple language to make a simple introduction?
Prof. Zhao: The "exogenous gene elimination" technology is the Chinese translation of GeneDeletor in English. The key to this technology is the addition of a recombinase gene and a recognition sequence that can be controlled in transgenic plants, enabling the recombinase to be used at the desired time and in plants. At the defined site, all exogenous genes including the recombinase gene itself in the transgenic plant are cleared after the completion of the predetermined task, so that the pollen, seeds, fruits, or any other edible organs of the transgenic plant no longer contain Foreign genes have achieved the goal of using transgenic plants to produce non-genetically modified products. U.S. social technology company has an image description in its published briefing: "The 'exogenous gene cleanup' technology is like the computer's 'offload' software, as early as before the humans consume or spread to the environment, in transgenic plants. The foreign gene has been automatically cleared."
Food shortage and energy crisis are the most serious social problems facing the world today, and genetic engineering is a powerful means to solve food problems and energy crisis. However, since the birth of genetically-engineered plants, people have been arguing about their ecological safety and food safety. People are generally concerned that genetically modified crops will spread foreign genes through the seeds and pollen to the surrounding environment, generate super weeds, and damage. Biodiversity, but also concerns that foods made from genetically modified crops will cause harm to human and animal health.
In recent years, the public’s concern about the safety of genetically engineered plants has become the biggest factor constraining the effectiveness of genetically modified technologies. However, the emergence of "exogenous gene elimination" technology has finally brought about an excellent solution to the safety problem of transgenic plants, opening up a window of biological engineering to the future of agriculture. For example, the number of herbicide-resistant and insect-resistant genetically modified soybeans, corn, rapeseeds and cotton planted every year in the world amounts to hundreds of millions of hectares. For these transgenic crops, the use of “exogenous gene removal†technology can make them grow early. The stage has the function of herbicide resistance and pest resistance to ensure their growth advantage. When the crops mature, the “exogenous gene removal†system will promptly and automatically apply herbicide-resistant genes, insect-resistant genes, and marker genes to crop pollen, seeds, tubers, leaves, or other edible parts. Recombinase genes were all cleared. This technology not only solves the problem of the spread of foreign genes, but also allows consumers to feel comfortable eating the food produced by these GM crops. This is why some experts believe that the invention of the "exogenous gene clearance technology" was one of the most important events in the history of genetically modified organisms in more than 20 years.
Reporter: U.S. social technology companies especially emphasized that "exogenous gene removal" technology is particularly important for the development of second- and third-generation genetically modified crops. What are the second-generation and third-generation transgenic crops? Why do you say that "exogenous gene removal" technology has a greater impact on them?
Prof. Zhao: The first generation of transgenic crops has been commercialized for more than a decade. In 2007, the global acreage reached 114 million hectares. To date, more than 600 million hectares have been planted worldwide, mainly for herbicide-tolerant and insect-resistant transgenic crops. These GM crops meet the farmers' production needs. The second-generation transgenic crops are crops with improved traits, such as genetically modified, disease-resistant pests, high-temperature-resistant, cold-tolerant, saline-alkali-tolerant and drought-resistant genetically modified crops, which at the same time satisfy the interests of farmers and consumers. The third generation refers to genetically modified crops that are used as bioreactors to produce drugs and high-value industrial raw materials. They can be used to produce bio-pharmaceuticals, vaccines, composite proteins and bio-plastics. They can not only directly benefit consumers, but also humans. Health provides strong protection and can also make significant contributions to solving global problems such as environmental pollution, water shortages and energy crisis.
Because of the medicinal functions of the third-generation transgenic crops and the resistance of the second-generation transgenic crops, their food safety issues and environmental safety issues caused by genetic drift are more serious than the first-generation transgenic crops. "Exogenous gene removal" technology can eliminate the proliferation of these resistance and drug genes. As the United States Social Technology Company evaluated in its briefing, it will further advance the application and development of second-generation and third-generation transgenic crops.
Reporter: What are the application prospects of "exogenous gene removal" technology in the field of bioenergy? How to play an important role in the energy crisis?
Professor Zhao: Using plants to obtain bio-energy will be one of the important ways to solve the energy crisis. In 2007, approximately 11.2 million hectares of genetically modified crops were used worldwide to produce biofuels. The genetically engineered bioenergy plants have enhanced resistance and increased growth rates. Compared with the low price advantage of fossil fuels, their competitiveness has been remarkable. improve. However, there is also a problem that can not be ignored: these GMO plants with strong growth advantages are likely to become new invasive plants, with unpredictable consequences for the ecological environment and biodiversity of the earth. "Exogenous gene removal" technology can uproot foreign genes with invasive properties, effectively preventing self-proliferation of fast-growing and adaptable GMO plants.
Reporter: In addition to "exogenous gene removal" technology, are there other technologies that can solve the problem of the safety of genetically modified crops? Compared with these technologies, what are the advantages of "exogenous gene removal" technology?
Professor Zhao: The products of genetically modified plants approved for listing should be safe, but the public still has a lot of concerns about their safety. Scientists have developed a variety of technologies for this purpose, such as transgenes without marker genes and reporter genes, "Terminator" seed technology, and chloroplast transformation technology. Although they can solve the problem of ecological security to a certain extent, they still have such defects. For example, the "Terminator" seed technology developed by Monsanto of the United States is the introduction of seed lethal genes in plants, which aims to avoid the drift of foreign genes by preventing normal seed germination and growth. Although this technology can prevent seeds from transmitting foreign genes, it still cannot solve the problem of pollen transmission, nor can it solve the problem of food safety of genetically modified foods. In addition, in many developing countries, farmers are often accustomed to sowing their own harvested seeds. If farmers grow “Terminator†seeds, because the harvested seeds have the same appearance as ordinary seeds, they are difficult to distinguish, and after sale or exchange, other farmers can easily continue. The use of these seeds for sowing is naturally the result of a loss of grain. In contrast, "exogenous gene removal" technology can solve the problem of environmental safety and food safety, and can also solve the problem that the "Terminator" seed technology is faced with the problem that farmers cannot use the seeds they harvested to sow again in the coming year. The technology that allows seed companies and farmers to win.
Reporter: What is the progress of research on "exogenous gene removal" technology in the United States? For developing countries like China, what is the significance of understanding and mastering the "exogenous gene removal" technology?
Prof. Zhao: Many scientists in the United States believe that the “exogenous gene removal†technology is the best means to solve the environmental and food safety problems of genetically modified crops, but the technology needs to be constantly improved and expanded. As far as I know, Prof. Li Yi, who pioneered the "exogenous gene elimination" technology, and many laboratories in cooperation with the United States, are conducting field trials of the "exogenous gene removal" technology under the auspices of the U.S. federal government. And improve the scope of application of the technology to make it better applicable to all genetically modified crops in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, energy, and pharmaceuticals. I don't think it will take too long for the "exogenous gene removal" technology to be applied and promoted in many fields.
China’s current population is 1.3 billion. It is expected that by 2030 this figure will rise to 1.6 billion. The food issue will undoubtedly become one of the most important issues facing society as a whole. In order to ensure food production increase, new crop varieties must be continuously selected and promoted, as well as large-scale application of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Fertilizers and pesticides will inevitably lead to serious environmental pollution. Planting genetically modified crops can not only greatly increase crop yields, but also effectively reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers. Therefore, China should actively promote the use of genetically modified technology and use modern agricultural biotechnology to solve the country's demand for food and energy.
According to reports, in 2006, the cultivated area of ​​China's insect-resistant genetically modified cotton reached 4 million hectares, accounting for 75% of the total cotton planting area. As the amount of pesticides and labor consumption decreased significantly, the cotton output further increased, and the cumulative national savings increased by about 16.6 billion yuan. . The large-scale cultivation of genetically modified cotton has also reduced the use of highly toxic pesticides in cotton fields by 75% to 80%. It is estimated that the use of pesticides in the country has fallen by at least 480,000 tons, greatly reducing the pollution of pesticides to soil, water and drinking water. Reduced the incidence of pesticide poisoning accidents. In addition, in view of the huge economic and social benefits of genetically modified crops, while accelerating the research and industrialization of genetically modified crops, China also needs to pay attention to and face up to the ecological safety and food safety issues of genetically modified crops, and it should act immediately and urgently.†The application of exogenous gene removal technology to major crops has actively responded to the ecological safety and food safety problems associated with genetically modified crops.
In my opinion, the "exogenous gene removal" technology can be widely applied to rice crops such as rice, corn, wheat, and other cash crops such as tobacco, rapeseed, and cotton, as well as forest trees, flowers, fruit trees, vegetables, lawns, and bioenergy plants. It can also be used as a bioreactor to produce drugs and chemical raw materials. Therefore, the application of "exogenous gene removal" technology research is not only related to food shortage and energy crisis, but also has very important strategic significance for the sustainable development of China's economy. In addition, "exogenous gene removal" technology can also avoid some of the disputes encountered in the export of agricultural products. For example, "exogenous gene removal" technology can make transgenic rice produce non-transgenic rice, effectively eliminating the possibility of non-transgenic rice for export being exposed to GM rice contamination.
The Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology has carried out a full range of cooperation with Professor Li Yi of the University of Connecticut, and under the auspices of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and the Guizhou Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Project, he focused on the research of "exogenous gene removal" technology in Chinese crops. On the promotion and application. I believe that the "exogenous gene elimination" technology will play an important role in solving the current problems related to the industrialization of transgenic crops in China and the export of genetically modified products. Related Links
U.S. Social Technology Corporation is headquartered in Washington, DC and has offices in London and Shanghai. It is a global comprehensive research and consulting company that specializes in forecasting, planning and innovation. It is specialized in international large multinational corporations and government agencies. And important decisions of non-profit international organizations provide forecasting and consulting services. Since the end of 2007, the company has published a series of briefings that describe in detail the possible breakthroughs and application technologies in 12 technological innovation areas before 2025. These areas are: personalized medicine, distributed energy, pervasive computing systems, advanced nanomaterials, healthy biomarkers, future biofuels, advanced manufacturing technologies, water use, carbon dioxide control, bioengineering agriculture, security and tracers, Advanced traffic.
Reporter: Despite the publication of "exogenous gene removal" technology in authoritative academic journals last year, many international media have rushed to report on this landmark research result, but for most ordinary people in China, "outside It is still not clear why the original gene cleanup technology is so important. Can you use a simple language to make a simple introduction?
Prof. Zhao: The "exogenous gene elimination" technology is the Chinese translation of GeneDeletor in English. The key to this technology is the addition of a recombinase gene and a recognition sequence that can be controlled in transgenic plants, enabling the recombinase to be used at the desired time and in plants. At the defined site, all exogenous genes including the recombinase gene itself in the transgenic plant are cleared after the completion of the predetermined task, so that the pollen, seeds, fruits, or any other edible organs of the transgenic plant no longer contain Foreign genes have achieved the goal of using transgenic plants to produce non-genetically modified products. U.S. social technology company has an image description in its published briefing: "The 'exogenous gene cleanup' technology is like the computer's 'offload' software, as early as before the humans consume or spread to the environment, in transgenic plants. The foreign gene has been automatically cleared."
Food shortage and energy crisis are the most serious social problems facing the world today, and genetic engineering is a powerful means to solve food problems and energy crisis. However, since the birth of genetically-engineered plants, people have been arguing about their ecological safety and food safety. People are generally concerned that genetically modified crops will spread foreign genes through the seeds and pollen to the surrounding environment, generate super weeds, and damage. Biodiversity, but also concerns that foods made from genetically modified crops will cause harm to human and animal health.
In recent years, the public’s concern about the safety of genetically engineered plants has become the biggest factor constraining the effectiveness of genetically modified technologies. However, the emergence of "exogenous gene elimination" technology has finally brought about an excellent solution to the safety problem of transgenic plants, opening up a window of biological engineering to the future of agriculture. For example, the number of herbicide-resistant and insect-resistant genetically modified soybeans, corn, rapeseeds and cotton planted every year in the world amounts to hundreds of millions of hectares. For these transgenic crops, the use of “exogenous gene removal†technology can make them grow early. The stage has the function of herbicide resistance and pest resistance to ensure their growth advantage. When the crops mature, the “exogenous gene removal†system will promptly and automatically apply herbicide-resistant genes, insect-resistant genes, and marker genes to crop pollen, seeds, tubers, leaves, or other edible parts. Recombinase genes were all cleared. This technology not only solves the problem of the spread of foreign genes, but also allows consumers to feel comfortable eating the food produced by these GM crops. This is why some experts believe that the invention of the "exogenous gene clearance technology" was one of the most important events in the history of genetically modified organisms in more than 20 years.
Reporter: U.S. social technology companies especially emphasized that "exogenous gene removal" technology is particularly important for the development of second- and third-generation genetically modified crops. What are the second-generation and third-generation transgenic crops? Why do you say that "exogenous gene removal" technology has a greater impact on them?
Prof. Zhao: The first generation of transgenic crops has been commercialized for more than a decade. In 2007, the global acreage reached 114 million hectares. To date, more than 600 million hectares have been planted worldwide, mainly for herbicide-tolerant and insect-resistant transgenic crops. These GM crops meet the farmers' production needs. The second-generation transgenic crops are crops with improved traits, such as genetically modified, disease-resistant pests, high-temperature-resistant, cold-tolerant, saline-alkali-tolerant and drought-resistant genetically modified crops, which at the same time satisfy the interests of farmers and consumers. The third generation refers to genetically modified crops that are used as bioreactors to produce drugs and high-value industrial raw materials. They can be used to produce bio-pharmaceuticals, vaccines, composite proteins and bio-plastics. They can not only directly benefit consumers, but also humans. Health provides strong protection and can also make significant contributions to solving global problems such as environmental pollution, water shortages and energy crisis.
Because of the medicinal functions of the third-generation transgenic crops and the resistance of the second-generation transgenic crops, their food safety issues and environmental safety issues caused by genetic drift are more serious than the first-generation transgenic crops. "Exogenous gene removal" technology can eliminate the proliferation of these resistance and drug genes. As the United States Social Technology Company evaluated in its briefing, it will further advance the application and development of second-generation and third-generation transgenic crops.
Reporter: What are the application prospects of "exogenous gene removal" technology in the field of bioenergy? How to play an important role in the energy crisis?
Professor Zhao: Using plants to obtain bio-energy will be one of the important ways to solve the energy crisis. In 2007, approximately 11.2 million hectares of genetically modified crops were used worldwide to produce biofuels. The genetically engineered bioenergy plants have enhanced resistance and increased growth rates. Compared with the low price advantage of fossil fuels, their competitiveness has been remarkable. improve. However, there is also a problem that can not be ignored: these GMO plants with strong growth advantages are likely to become new invasive plants, with unpredictable consequences for the ecological environment and biodiversity of the earth. "Exogenous gene removal" technology can uproot foreign genes with invasive properties, effectively preventing self-proliferation of fast-growing and adaptable GMO plants.
Reporter: In addition to "exogenous gene removal" technology, are there other technologies that can solve the problem of the safety of genetically modified crops? Compared with these technologies, what are the advantages of "exogenous gene removal" technology?
Professor Zhao: The products of genetically modified plants approved for listing should be safe, but the public still has a lot of concerns about their safety. Scientists have developed a variety of technologies for this purpose, such as transgenes without marker genes and reporter genes, "Terminator" seed technology, and chloroplast transformation technology. Although they can solve the problem of ecological security to a certain extent, they still have such defects. For example, the "Terminator" seed technology developed by Monsanto of the United States is the introduction of seed lethal genes in plants, which aims to avoid the drift of foreign genes by preventing normal seed germination and growth. Although this technology can prevent seeds from transmitting foreign genes, it still cannot solve the problem of pollen transmission, nor can it solve the problem of food safety of genetically modified foods. In addition, in many developing countries, farmers are often accustomed to sowing their own harvested seeds. If farmers grow “Terminator†seeds, because the harvested seeds have the same appearance as ordinary seeds, they are difficult to distinguish, and after sale or exchange, other farmers can easily continue. The use of these seeds for sowing is naturally the result of a loss of grain. In contrast, "exogenous gene removal" technology can solve the problem of environmental safety and food safety, and can also solve the problem that the "Terminator" seed technology is faced with the problem that farmers cannot use the seeds they harvested to sow again in the coming year. The technology that allows seed companies and farmers to win.
Reporter: What is the progress of research on "exogenous gene removal" technology in the United States? For developing countries like China, what is the significance of understanding and mastering the "exogenous gene removal" technology?
Prof. Zhao: Many scientists in the United States believe that the “exogenous gene removal†technology is the best means to solve the environmental and food safety problems of genetically modified crops, but the technology needs to be constantly improved and expanded. As far as I know, Prof. Li Yi, who pioneered the "exogenous gene elimination" technology, and many laboratories in cooperation with the United States, are conducting field trials of the "exogenous gene removal" technology under the auspices of the U.S. federal government. And improve the scope of application of the technology to make it better applicable to all genetically modified crops in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, energy, and pharmaceuticals. I don't think it will take too long for the "exogenous gene removal" technology to be applied and promoted in many fields.
China’s current population is 1.3 billion. It is expected that by 2030 this figure will rise to 1.6 billion. The food issue will undoubtedly become one of the most important issues facing society as a whole. In order to ensure food production increase, new crop varieties must be continuously selected and promoted, as well as large-scale application of chemical fertilizers and chemical pesticides. Fertilizers and pesticides will inevitably lead to serious environmental pollution. Planting genetically modified crops can not only greatly increase crop yields, but also effectively reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers. Therefore, China should actively promote the use of genetically modified technology and use modern agricultural biotechnology to solve the country's demand for food and energy.
According to reports, in 2006, the cultivated area of ​​China's insect-resistant genetically modified cotton reached 4 million hectares, accounting for 75% of the total cotton planting area. As the amount of pesticides and labor consumption decreased significantly, the cotton output further increased, and the cumulative national savings increased by about 16.6 billion yuan. . The large-scale cultivation of genetically modified cotton has also reduced the use of highly toxic pesticides in cotton fields by 75% to 80%. It is estimated that the use of pesticides in the country has fallen by at least 480,000 tons, greatly reducing the pollution of pesticides to soil, water and drinking water. Reduced the incidence of pesticide poisoning accidents. In addition, in view of the huge economic and social benefits of genetically modified crops, while accelerating the research and industrialization of genetically modified crops, China also needs to pay attention to and face up to the ecological safety and food safety issues of genetically modified crops, and it should act immediately and urgently.†The application of exogenous gene removal technology to major crops has actively responded to the ecological safety and food safety problems associated with genetically modified crops.
In my opinion, the "exogenous gene removal" technology can be widely applied to rice crops such as rice, corn, wheat, and other cash crops such as tobacco, rapeseed, and cotton, as well as forest trees, flowers, fruit trees, vegetables, lawns, and bioenergy plants. It can also be used as a bioreactor to produce drugs and chemical raw materials. Therefore, the application of "exogenous gene removal" technology research is not only related to food shortage and energy crisis, but also has very important strategic significance for the sustainable development of China's economy. In addition, "exogenous gene removal" technology can also avoid some of the disputes encountered in the export of agricultural products. For example, "exogenous gene removal" technology can make transgenic rice produce non-transgenic rice, effectively eliminating the possibility of non-transgenic rice for export being exposed to GM rice contamination.
The Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology has carried out a full range of cooperation with Professor Li Yi of the University of Connecticut, and under the auspices of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and the Guizhou Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Project, he focused on the research of "exogenous gene removal" technology in Chinese crops. On the promotion and application. I believe that the "exogenous gene elimination" technology will play an important role in solving the current problems related to the industrialization of transgenic crops in China and the export of genetically modified products. Related Links
U.S. Social Technology Corporation is headquartered in Washington, DC and has offices in London and Shanghai. It is a global comprehensive research and consulting company that specializes in forecasting, planning and innovation. It is specialized in international large multinational corporations and government agencies. And important decisions of non-profit international organizations provide forecasting and consulting services. Since the end of 2007, the company has published a series of briefings that describe in detail the possible breakthroughs and application technologies in 12 technological innovation areas before 2025. These areas are: personalized medicine, distributed energy, pervasive computing systems, advanced nanomaterials, healthy biomarkers, future biofuels, advanced manufacturing technologies, water use, carbon dioxide control, bioengineering agriculture, security and tracers, Advanced traffic.
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