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According to relevant statistics, there are currently more than 200 domestic bentonite processing enterprises, most of which are medium and small-scale production enterprises. There are more than 20 mining enterprises with an annual output of more than 10,000 tons, and their total output is about 200-210 tons. The capacity is more than 3 million tons, mainly for rough processing products. The provinces with large production capacity are Liaoning, Hebei and Zhejiang. The output of bentonite ore or coarse powder processed products in China is about 160-1.7 million tons. Deep processing products, including artificial sodium-calcium bentonite, activated clay and preparation of organic bentonite, the total output is about 300,000 to 400,000 tons. From the perspective of production layout, China's main bentonite production enterprises are mainly concentrated in Zhejiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Xinjiang, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Anhui and other provinces.
The traditional waterproof method adopted in China is not very satisfactory in effect. The bentonite waterproofing materials used by some developed countries have good effects, but they are rarely used in China because of the high price. In the past few years, China was only used in a few foreign-owned projects. With the localization of bentonite waterproof blankets, the price There are only one-third of imported products. Many projects in China have begun to use bentonite waterproof blankets. According to relevant information, bentonite waterproof blankets are widely used in municipal, environmental, water, road, railway, landfill, and water conservancy projects. And underground and waterproof anti-seepage construction of industrial and civil buildings, such as landfills and sewage treatment plants, with good anti-seepage function and reinforcement function;
It can be used in water conservancy projects to improve the anti-seepage effect of irrigation channels, improve the strength of dams and river embankments, avoid and reduce soil erosion, and cause hidden dangers of piping in levees; waterproof and seepage prevention of subway projects, roadbeds and slopes of highways The waterproof foundation of the bridge can change the performance of the road, improve the load capacity of the road and prolong the service life of the road; it can improve the reliability and durability of waterproofing in industrial civil construction projects; and in mines, artificial lakes, tunnels, swimming pools Can be used everywhere.
At present, there is no special standard for bentonite waterproof blankets in China, and there are not many technical requirements for bentonite. Most manufacturers have established their own corporate standards according to American ASTM standards and Korean standards. For example, a Sino-Korea joint venture manufacturer's technical standards are fully implemented in accordance with Korean standards, and natural sodium-based soil must be used according to its specifications. American ASTM D5890 requires bentonite to have an expansion index greater than 24. However, there is no clear standard for bentonite raw materials in China. In fact, the type of bentonite, montmorillonite content, water absorption rate and expansion index should be important technical indicators for bentonite used in waterproof blankets.
For geotextiles used in bentonite waterproof blankets, there are certain standards in various countries. In recent years, China has issued a number of relevant standards. However, there are 18 standards related to the application and testing of geosynthetic materials, all of which have been promulgated in recent years. The standard of bentonite waterproof blankets is currently adopted by the American Society for Testing and Materials. There are few reports on the raw material requirements of bentonite waterproof blankets. At present, domestic manufacturers use natural sodium-based soils and artificial sodium-based soils. However, regardless of the raw materials selected, the expansion ratio must meet the quality requirements of the products. .
Although China's bentonite resources are relatively abundant, there are not many high-quality natural sodium base soils that can meet the requirements. Some manufacturers have not found high-quality natural sodium-based soil, plus the price, but have to use calcium-based soil for artificial sodium treatment, the sodiumation method is very simple, that is, adding a certain amount of sodium carbonate to the calcium-based soil, and then Stir with water, place two angels and homogenize them before use. Some insiders have clearly stated that the artificial sodium base soil has a short service life and must pass the century-old aging test if it is used. In the United States, the pH of the bentonite is required to be neutral or weakly alkaline. The test proves that the higher the pH of the bentonite, the lower the impermeability of the bentonite will decrease with time, and even completely fail in half a year, especially the artificially sodiumized bentonite.
The expansion ratio of most natural sodium-based soils in China does not reach the required quality requirements of bentonite waterproof blanket http://, and the expansion index is greater than 24. It is necessary to first purify the ore while selecting high-quality ore, and remove impurities such as kaolinite, quartz, cristobalite, etc., if possible, re-sodium treatment to increase the basicity coefficient. The method of adding organic polymer material changes its expansion coefficient, but its cost increases a lot. If the materials and dosages are properly selected, this method is still feasible, which not only achieves the quality requirement of expanding the bentonite by 24 times, but also does not increase too. More cost. In this respect, the Xianyang Non-Metallic Research and Design Institute has done some work. By using organic polymer compounds and other raw materials, the expansion ratio of bentonite has been increased to more than 100 times, but this product is more suitable for another. Use, no longer repeat here.
The production process of bentonite waterproof blanket is not complicated, but special production equipment is needed, and the focus is on the treatment of raw materials. At present, there is no manufacturer special equipment for producing bentonite waterproof blankets in China. Most of the existing bentonite waterproof blanket manufacturers in China have introduced foreign fully automated bentonite waterproof blanket production lines, and some have independently developed production lines. The manufacturer of the bentonite waterproof blanket also produces auxiliary materials. The auxiliary materials are: swelled waterproof powder, slurry bentonite, waterproof strip. These auxiliary materials are used together with the bentonite waterproof blanket.
China's bentonite is rich in resources, complete in variety, and there are also many high-quality varieties. Basically, it does not need to rely on foreign resources. For example, the bentonite of Xiazi Street in Xinjiang can be compared with the soil of Wyoming in the United States. However, the difference between product quality and foreign countries is large. The main reason is the purification and deep processing technology and equipment of bentonite. At present, the application field of bentonite waterproof blanket is constantly being discovered, and the waterproof material with superior performance is also being developed. According to China's In terms of resources, there are few soil resources that can fully meet the requirements of bentonite waterproof blanket raw materials. In terms of existing enterprises, some manufacturers have to use calcium-based soil for artificial sodium because they cannot obtain the high-quality sodium-based soil whose quality index can meet the requirements. Chemical. The high-quality sodium-based soil resources that meet the quality requirements and the artificial sodiumation process of calcium-based soil have become the bottleneck restricting the further development and utilization of bentonite waterproof blankets. It is recommended that relevant research and design units increase their research and development efforts. As far as the market for this product is concerned, its development space is very large. As people's awareness of it continues to increase, its application fields and usage will inevitably increase.
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